List of monarchs by nickname

This is a list of monarchs (and other royalty and nobility) sorted by nickname. This list is divided into two parts:
 * Cognomens: Also called cognomina. These are names which are appended before or after the person's name, like the epitheton necessarium, or Roman victory titles. Examples are "William the Conqueror" for William I of England, or "Frederick Barbarossa" for Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor.
 * Sobriquets: Names which have become identified with a particular person, and are recognizable when used instead of the personal name. Some are used only in a particular context: for example, "Grandmother of Europe" for Queen Victoria is generally only used when referring to her family links throughout the royal families of Europe. On the other hand, in some cases the nickname supersedes the personal name, and the individual is referred to by this nickname even in scholarly works; for example, Roman emperor Gaius Julius Caesar Germanicus is universally known by his nickname Caligula.

Notes:
 * Nicknames are listed in each section alphabetically, ignoring articles and prepositions.
 * Non-English words are rendered in italics, and translated where possible.
 * When the name and nickname are rendered in a non-English language, the nickname will be in boldface italics.

<!-- I have added the names from the article Nicknames of European Royalty and Nobility here in comment, most under the right letter but not all. Watch out for the ones belonging under "sobriquet"; following are unsorted

"He of Valencia" (Sp. El de Valencia): Ermengol VII, Count of Urgel
 * "a la Barbe-Blanche": Guy, Count of Boulogne
 * "a la Hache": Baldwin VII, Count of Flanders
 * "Abarca": Sancho II Garces of Navarre
 * "Achilles": Albert III of Brandenburg
 * "Adalsteinfostre": Haakon I of Norway
 * "Alcibiades": Albert II of Brandenburg [CHECK THIS]
 * "Argyropoulos": Romanus, Byzantine Emperor
 * "Arista": Iñigo Iñiguez of Pamplona
 * "Atterdag": Valdemar IV of Denmark
 * "Augustus":
 * Charles of Bretzenheim
 * Philip II of France
 * Sigismund II of Poland
 * "Barbarossa" (Fr. Barberousse): Frederick I of Germany
 * "Barbe Torte": Alain II of Brittany (937-952)
 * "Barefoot" (Nor. Berrfott, Barfot): Magnus III Berrfott of Norway (1093-1103)
 * "Batavus": William V of the Netherlands
 * "Beauclerc": Henry I of England
 * "Bloodaxe" (Nor. Blodoks): Eric I of Norway, 931-933
 * "Bloody Mary": Mary I of England (1553-1558)
 * "Bluetooth": Harold I of Denmark
 * "Bogolyubsky, Bogoliubski": Andrew I of Moscow (1169-1174)
 * "Borsa": Roger of Apulia (1085-1111)
 * "Botaniates": Nicephorus III, Byzantine Emperor
 * "Boterel":
 * Geoffrey I, Count of Penthievre
 * Geoffrey II, Count of Penthievre
 * "Bras de Fer": Baldwin I, Count of Flanders
 * "Broad-shoulder": Haakon II of Norway
 * "Calaphates" (Gr. Kalafates): Michael V, Byzantine Emperor
 * "Canmore" (With the Large Head): Malcolm III of Scotland
 * "Cicero": John of Brandenburg
 * "Clipping": Eric V of Denmark
 * "Clito" (Fr. Cliton): William I, Count of Flanders
 * "Coda": Amadeus I of Savoy
 * "Copronymus": Constantine V, Byzantine Emperor
 * "Crookback" (Nor. Krokrygg): Inge I of Norway
 * "Crouchback": Louis VIII of Bavaria
 * "Corvinus": Matthias of Hungary
 * "Cruel-Eyes": Demetrius of Tver (1318-1326)
 * "Curthose" (Fr. Courteheuse): Robert of England
 * "Cut-nose": Justinian II, Byzantine Emperor
 * "de la Poix": Charles II of Hungary, 1385-1386
 * "dal Pollice": Ulrich I, Count of Wurttemberg
 * "der Andere": Henry of Reuss (1647-1670)
 * "der Fette": Henry I of Anhalt (d.1252)
 * "der Freidige": Frederick, Landgrave of Thuringia
 * "der Greiner": Eberhard II, Count of Wurttemberg, 1344-1392
 * "der Glückliche": Augustus, Elector of Saxony
 * "der Heldenmütige": Albert, Duke of Saxony
 * "der Sanftmutige": Frederick, Landgrave of Thuringia
 * "der Springer": Louis, Landgrave of Thuringia
 * "Diogenes": Romanus IV, Byzantine Emperor
 * "Donskoi": Demetrius II of Beloozero (1364-1389)=Demetrius III of Moscow (1359-1360, d.1389)
 * "Dracula": Vlad III, Prince of Wallachia (1448, 1456-1462 and 1476)
 * "el Amador de toda gentileza": John I of Aragon
 * "el Animoso": Philip V of Spain
 * "el de los buenos fueros": Sancho Garcia of Castile (995-1017)
 * "el Cazador": John I of Aragon
 * "el Craso": Sancho I of Leon
 * "el Gotoso": Bermudo II of Leon
 * "el Jorobado":
 * Alfonso Froilaz of Leon
 * Ordoño IV of Leon
 * "el Temblon": García Sánchez II of Navarre, 880-908
 * "el Tuerto" (The One-Eyed): Fortun Garces of Navarre
 * "Eigod": Eric I of Denmark
 * "Emund": Eric II of Denmark
 * "Eveille-Chien": Heribert, Count of Maine
 * "Fairhair" (Nor. Harfagre): Harald I of Norway (872-933)
 * "False Demetrius II, the Brigand of Tushino" (1608-1611)
 * "False Demetrius III (Isidor), the Brigand of Pskov (1611)
 * "Father Augustus": Augustus, Elector of Saxony
 * "Fergent": Alain IV, Duke of Brittany
 * "Forkbeard" (Nor. Tjugeskjegg): Sven I of Denmark (999-1015)
 * "Fortunatus":
 * Edward, Margrave of Baden-Rodemachern
 * Herman, Margrave of Baden-Rodemachern
 * "From Overseas" (d'Outremer): Louis IV of France
 * "Gille": Harald IV of Norway
 * "Glipping, Klipping": Eric V of Denmark
 * "Grathe": Sven III of Denmark
 * "Graycloak" (Nor. Grafell): Harald II of Norway (961-976)
 * "Greymantle" (Fr. Grisegonelle): Geoffrey I, Count of Anjou
 * "Greatbeard, Fair Beard": Baldwin IV of Flanders
 * "Guiscard" (It. il Guiscardo): Robert, Duke of Apulia (1059-1085)
 * "Hard-ruler" (Nor. Haardraade): Harald III of Norway
 * "Harefoot": Harold I of England
 * "He of Antequera": Ferdinand I of Aragon
 * "He of Barbastro" (Sp. El de Barbastro): Ermengol III, Count of Urgel
 * "He of Castile": Ermengol VI of Urgel
 * "He of Cordoba (Sp. El de Cordoba)": Ermengol I, Count of Urgel
 * "He of Gerp" (Sp. El de Gerp): Ermengol IV, Count of Urgel
 * "He of the gifts" (Sp. el de las Mercedes): Henry II of Castile (1366-1367 & 1369-1379)
 * "He of the Good Laws" (Sp. El de los Buenos Fueros): Sancho I of Castile
 * "He of the Little Dagger" (Sp. El del Punyalet): Peter IV of Aragon
 * "He of Las Navas de Tolosa" (Sp. El de las Navas de Tolosa): Alfonso VIII of Castile, 1158-1214
 * "He of Mayeruca" (Sp. El de Mayeruca): Ermengol V, Count of Urgel
 * "He of Najera": García Sánchez III of Navarre
 * "He of Peñalen": Sancho IV of Navarre
 * "He of the Rio Salado": Alfonso XI of Castile
 * "He of San Hilario": Ermengol VIII of Urgel
 * "He of the White Hands" (Sp. El de las Manos Blancas): Garcia Fernandez of Castile
 * "Hector": Joachim of Brandenburg
 * "Hesso": Rudolph of Baden-Baden
 * "Hildetand": Harald of Sweden
 * "Hunger": Olav I of Denmark
 * "il Re de Maggio": Humbert II of Italy
 * "Ill-ruler": Ingjald of Sweden
 * "Ironside":
 * Bjorn I of Uppsala
 * Edmund II of England (1016)
 * "Irontooth": Frederick II of Brandenburg
 * "Jasomirgott": Henry II of Austria
 * "Jezebel": Catherine de Medici, Queen of France
 * "Kantner": Conrad V of Silesia
 * "Khorobrit": Michael of Moscow (1246-1248)=Michael I of Vladimir (1247-1248)
 * "Kirdyapa": Basil III of Suzdal (d.1403)
 * "Kraljevic": Marko of Serbia
 * "La Grande Mademoiselle": Anne, Duchess of Montpensier
 * "Lackland (Fr. Sans Terre)": John of England, 1199-1216
 * "Langhals": Reginar I of Hainault
 * "Lavand": Knut II of the Wends [CHECK THIS]
 * "l'Assure": John I, Elector of Saxony, 1525-1532
 * "le Belliquex": Frederick I, Elector of Saxony, 1423-1428
 * "le Borgne": Otto, Duke of Brunswick-Gottingen, 1394-1463
 * "le Courbe" (Eng. the Curved, i.e., Hunchback): Garcia Sanchez, Duke of Gascony
 * "le Docte": Otto II (d.1111), Count of Habsburg
 * "le Doux":
 * Frederick II, Elector of Saxony, 1428-1464
 * Otto, Duke of Brunswick-Ottingen, 1318-1344
 * "le Hardi": Charles II of Lorraine
 * "l'Intrepide": Albert III, Duke of Saxony, 1464-1485
 * "le Joyuex": Frederick I, Langgrave of Thuringia, 1307-1323
 * "le Louche": Beernard I, Count of Armagnac, 960-?
 * "le Lutteur": Frederick IV of Lorraine
 * "le Mordu": Frederick I, Langgrave of Thuringia, 1307-1323
 * 'le Paisable": Rudolph II (d.1232), Count of Habsburg
 * "le Renard": Ferdinand I of Bulgaria, 1908-1918
 * "le Sanglier d'Ardenne": William I (d.1485), Lord of Lumain
 * "le Tort": Conan I of Brittany (990-992)
 * "Lodbrok": Ragnar of Uppsala
 * "Long-arm" (Fr. Longue Epee):
 * George of Rostov (d.1155)
 * George I of Suzdal (1134-1149, 1151-1155, d.1157)
 * William I, Duke of Normandy
 * "Long-leg": Eric II of Schleswig
 * "Longshanks": Edward I of England, 1272-1307
 * "Madame Snake": Catherine de Medici, Queen of France
 * "Martel":
 * Charles I of Hungary
 * Geoffrey II, Count of Anjou
 * "Mauclerc": Peter, Duke of Brittany
 * "Maultasch": Margaret of Tyrol
 * "Menved": Eric VI of Denmark
 * "Milutin": Stephen Urosh II of Serbia
 * "Moneybag" (Rus. Kalita): John I, Grand Prince of Moscow (1325-1341)
 * "Monomakh" (One Who Fights Alone) (Gr. Monomakhos):
 * Constantine IX, Byzantine Emperor
 * Vladimir II of Moscow
 * "Mourtzouphlos": Alexius V, Byzantine Emperor
 * "Nerra": Fulk III, Count of Anjou
 * "Nestor": Joachim of Brandenburg
 * "Nevski": Alexander of Kiev (d.1263)
 * "of Bouillon": Geoffrey V of Lower Lorraine
 * "of the Bitten Cheek": Frederick I of Meissen
 * "of Dečani" (Sr. Dečanski): Stephen Uroš III of Serbia
 * "of the Empty Pocket": Frederick IV of Austria
 * "of Jerusalem": Baldwin II of Hainault
 * "of the Long Hands" (Rus. Dolgoruky): Yury IV, Grand Prince of Kiev
 * "of God's Grace": Henry of Reuss-Plauen (1243-1254)
 * "of the White Hands" (Sp. de los BlancasManos): Garcia Fernandez of Castile (970-995)
 * "of the Veluwe": Theodoric of Gelderland
 * "One with Good Memory": John I of Portugal
 * "One-Eye": John II of Holstein, William of Meissen
 * "Optimo Imperator": Sancho I Garces
 * "Parapinaces" (Gr. Parapinakes): Michael VII, Byzantine Emperor
 * "Phoebus": Francis of Navarre, Gaston III of Foix
 * "Plantagenet": Geoffrey V, Count of Anjou
 * "Platonogi": Mieszko IV of Poland
 * "Ploughpenny": Eric IV of Denmark
 * "Pobozny": Henry II, Duke of Krakow
 * "Porphyrogenitus" (Born in the Purple): Constantine VII, Byzantine Emperor
 * "Posthumus":
 * Anselm of Schonborn (1727-1801)
 * Anthony II of Inhausen and Knyphausen
 * Emmanuel Lebrecht of Anhalt-Zerbst
 * George Albert II of Erbach
 * Henry of Reuss-Schleiz (1595-1635)
 * John of France
 * Ladislas of Austria
 * Theobald IV of Champagne (1235-1254)
 * Wenceslas Adam of Silesia
 * Werner V of Zimmern (1290-1384)
 * William George of Kirchberg
 * "Potbelly": Alexander II of Suzdal (1414-1417)
 * "Probus" (Eng. Righteous) : Henry IV of Poland
 * "Queen of Four Kingdoms" (Fr. La Reine des Quatre Royaumes): Yolande of Aragon
 * "Raised by Tore" (Nor. Toresfostre): Haakon of Norway
 * "Raspe": Henry of Thuringia, King of Germany
 * "Redhair": George I of Moscow (1318-1322, d.1325)
 * "Rufus": William II of England (1087-1100)
 * "Rumpold": Henry VII of Silesia, Henry X of Silesia
 * "She of Sad Destinies" (Sp. la de los tristes destinos): Isabella II, Queen of Spain
 * "Shemyaka": Demetrius III of Dmitrov (1434, d.1453)
 * "Short-Tunic": Johan II of Riazan (1326-1341)
 * "Silly Billy": Wiliam IV of England (830-1837)
 * "Skottkonung": Olaf of Sweden
 * "Soulful" (Sr. Dušan): Stephen Uroš IV of Serbia
 * "Spindleshanks" (Pol. Laskonogi): Ladislaus III of Poland
 * "Squint-eye": Basil II of Dmitrov (1435, d.1438)
 * "Stratioticus" (Soldier): Michael VI, Byzantine Emperor
 * "Strongbow": John II of Suzdal (1412-1414)
 * "Stupor Mundi": Frederick II of Germany
 * "Tallaferro": Bernard I, Count of Besalu
 * "Tarasicodissa": Zeno, Byzantine Emperor
 * "Tete Hardie":
 * Stephen I, Count of Macon
 * William I, Count of Burgundy
 * "Tree-cutter": Olav of Sweden
 * "Tranacleon": Gerald I (d.1020), Count of Armagnac
 * "Trunus": Bernard II, Count of Besalu
 * "Tumapaler": Bernard I (d.1064), Count of Armagnac
 * "Two-Pupils": Anastasius, Byzantine Emperor
 * "Vzmeten": Alexander III of Suzdal (1417-1418)
 * "Vifadme": Ivar of Sweden
 * "Waked the Waves": Basil II of Pskov (1356-1358)
 * "Weather-hat": Eric Emundsson of Uppsala
 * "Wegloser": Henry of Reuss (1288-1300)
 * "Wend-crow": Ottar of Sweden
 * "Whiteleg": Halfdan I of Vestfold
 * "With the Arrow": Otto IV of Brandenburg
 * "With the Axe": Baldwin VII of Flanders
 * "With the Beard": John I of Wertheim (1373-1407)
 * "With the Braid" (Fr. a la Tresse): Albert III, Duke of Austria
 * "With the Chain": Magnus II of Brunswick
 * "With the Iron Arm": Baldwin I of Flanders
 * "With the Lion": Frederick V of Nurnberg
 * "With the Pigtail": Albert III of Austria
 * "With the Scar": Henry VIII of Silesia
 * "With the Thumb": Ulrich I of Wurttemberg (1241-1265)
 * "Wrybeard": Alan I of Brittany (937-952)
 * "Wstydliwy": Boleslaus V, Duke of Krakow

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Cognomen
A swung dash (~) is used to indicate where the personal name occurs in the nickname; thus "~ the Accursed" means "Sviatopolk the Accursed".

A

 * "~ the Able":
 * Leopold III, Duke of Austria
 * Leopold V, Duke of Austria
 * "~ the Absolutist": Miguel of Portugal (o Absoluto)
 * "~ the Accursed": Sviatopolk I of Kiev (Святопо́лк 'Окая́нный), Iskander the Accursed' (Alexander the Great)
 * "~ the Adopted": Childebert of Austrasia
 * "~ the Adventurous": Manuel I of Portugal (Manuel O Venturoso)
 * "~ (the) Ætheling" (Old English, "Princeling"): Edgar Ætheling of England (Old English Eadgar Æþeling)
 * "~ the Affable": Charles VIII of France (Charles 'l'Affable')
 * "~ the African": Afonso V of Portugal (Affonso or Alfonso o Africano)
 * "~ Albanian-slayer": Thomas of Epirus ( Ἀλβανιτόκτονος', Thomás Albanitóktonos)
 * "~ All-fair": Eadwig of England
 * "~ the Allower": Charles IV of Spain (Carlos 'el Consentidor')
 * "~ the Ambitious": William of Austria
 * "~ the Ancient": Mircea cel Bătrân of Wallachia (Old Romanian: Mircea cel Bătrân)
 * "~ the Apostate": Julian, Roman Emperor
 * "~ the Apostle": Vladimir I of Kiev
 * "~ the Arab": Phillip I Marcus Julius Philippus Augustus, Roman Emperor
 * "~ the Astrologer": Alfonso X of Castile (Alfonso 'el Astrólogo')
 * "~ Augustus": Philip II of France (French: Philippe Auguste)
 * "~ the Avenger": Alfonso XI of Castile

B
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 * "~ the Bad":
 * Charles II of Navarre (Charles 'le Mauvais')
 * Sigurd Magnusson, pretender of Norway (Old Norse: Sigurd Slembe or Sigurd Slembedjakn)
 * William I of Sicily (Guglielmo 'il Malo')
 * "~ the Bald":
 * Charles II of France (Charles 'le Chauve')
 * Baldwin II, Count of Flanders (Boudewijn II 'de Kale; Balduinus 'Calvus)
 * Idwal ab Anarawd of Gwynedd (Idwal 'Foel')
 * "~ Barbe-torte" (French, "Crooked-beard"): Alan II, Duke of Brittany (French Alain Barbe-torte)
 * "~ Barbarossa" (Red-Beard): Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor (Friederich 'Barbarossa')
 * "~ Barefoot" or "~ Bareleg": Magnus III of Norway (Old Norse: Magnus Barfot)
 * "~ Barn-Lock": Magnus III of Sweden (Magnus 'Ladulås')
 * "~ the Bastard": William I of England (Guillaume 'le Bâtard; Old English: Wyllelm or Willelm 'bastard)
 * "~ the Battler": Alfonso I of Aragon (Alfonso, 'el Batallador')
 * "~ the Bavarian": Louis IV of Germany (German: Ludwig der Bayer)
 * "~ the Bearded": Geoffrey III of Anjou (Geoffroy 'le Barbu')
 * "~ Beauclerk" or "~ Beauclerc" (French, "Good Clerk"): Henry I of England (Henri 'Beauclerc')
 * "~ Beer-Jug": John George I, Elector of Saxony
 * "~ the Bewitched": Charles II of Spain (Carlos 'el Hechizado')
 * "~ the Big Nest": Vsevolod III Yuriyevich of Vladimir (Все́волод III Ю́рьевич 'Большо́е Гнездо́', Vsévolod III Yúr'yevich 'Bol'shóe Gnezdó)
 * "~ the Black Prince": Edward, the Black Prince
 * "~ the Black":
 * Leszek II the Black (Leszek 'Czarny')
 * Conan IV, Duke of Brittany
 * Fulk III of Anjou (Foulque 'Nerra')
 * "Blessed ~": Charles I of Austria
 * "~ the Blessed": Alexander I of Russia
 * "~ the Blind":
 * Boleslav III of Bohemia (Boleslav 'Slepý')
 * Béla II of Hungary (II. 'Vak' Béla)
 * Magnus IV of Norway (Old Norse: Magnus Blinde)
 * Stefan Branković of Serbia (Стефан 'Слепи', Stefan Slepi)
 * Vasili II Vasiliyevich of Russia (Василий II Васильевич 'Тёмный', Vasiliy II Vasil'yevich Tomnyy)
 * "~ the Blond" or "Yellow ~": Selim II of the Ottoman Empire ('Sarı' Sultân Selim)
 * "~ Bloodaxe": Eric I of Norway (Old Norse: Eiríkr Blóðöx)
 * "~ the Bloodthirsty": Ismail of Morocco
 * "Bloody ~": Mary I of England
 * "~ the Bloody": Nicholas II of Russia (Николай II 'Кровавый', Nikolay II Krovavyy)
 * "~ Bluetooth": Harold I of Denmark (Old Norse: Haraldr blátönn)
 * "~ the Bold":
 * Boleslaw II of Poland (Bolesław 'Śmiały')
 * Charles of Burgundy (Charles 'le Téméraire')
 * Philip the Bold (Philippe 'le Hardi')
 * Philip III of France (Philippe 'le Hardi')
 * "~ the Bolognian": Afonso III of Portugal (Afonso 'o Bolonhês')
 * "~ the Bookish": Coloman of Hungary ('Könyves' Kálmán)
 * "~ the Brash": Olof of Denmark
 * "~ the Brave":
 * Afonso III of Portugal (Afonso 'o Bravo')
 * Afonso IV of Portugal (Afonso 'o Bravo')
 * Boleslaw I of Poland (Bolesław 'Chrobry')
 * Dan II of Wallachia (Dan II 'Viteazul')
 * Michael of Wallachia and Moldavia (Mihai 'Viteazul')
 * Selim I of the Ottoman Empire ('Yavuz' Sultan Selim)
 * "~ the Broad-shouldered": Haakon II of Norway (Old Norse: Hákon Herdebrei)
 * "~ Broom-plant": Geoffrey V, Count of Anjou (Geoffroy 'Plantagenet')
 * "~ the Bruce": Robert I of Scotland (Medieval Gaelic: Roibert a Briuis
 * "~ Builder": David IV of Georgia (დავით 'აღმაშენებელი', Davit’ Aghmashenebeli)
 * "~ Bulgar-Slayer": Basil II, Byzantine Emperor (Βασίλειος 'Βουλγαροκτόνος', Basíleios Boulgaroktónos)
 * "~ the Burgundian": Afonso III of Portugal
 * "The Babe": Geoffrey III, Duke of Brabant
 * "The Bad" (Ger. der Bosse, Sp. el Malo):
 * Arnulf, Duke of Bavaria
 * Charles II of Navarre
 * Ordoño IV of Leon
 * William I of Sicily
 * "The Bad-tempered" (Fr. le Rechin): Fulk IV, Count of Anjou
 * "The Bald" (Fr. le Chauve):
 * Baldwin II, Count of Flanders
 * Charles the Bald, King of West Francia
 * Frederick III, Duke of Lorraine
 * "The Bastard" (Fr. le Batard):
 * Ebalus, Duke of Aquitaine
 * Henry II of Castile
 * William I of England
 * "The Battler": Alfonso I of Aragon
 * "The Bavarian": Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor
 * "The Bear" (Ger. der Bár): Albert I, Margrave of Brandenburg
 * "The Bearded" (Fr. le Barbu, Ger. der Bártige, Gr. Pogonatus, Pol. Brodaty):
 * Baldwin IV, Count of Flanders
 * Berthold, Duke of Carinthia
 * Berthold of Zahringen (1024-1077)
 * Constans II, Byzantine Emperor
 * Eberhard I, Duke of Wurttemberg
 * Egon IV (I) of Urach (d.1230)
 * George of Saxe-Wittenberg (1500-1539)
 * Geoffrey I of Brabant
 * Geoffrey III, Count of Anjou
 * Geoffrey III, Duke of Lower Lorraine
 * Henry I, Duke of Krakow
 * Louis I, Landgrave of Thuringia
 * Louis VII of Bavaria
 * Louis XII of Ottingen
 * "The Beautiful" (Por. O Formoso): Ferdinand I of Portugal
 * "The Beauty": John II of Moscow
 * "The Belligerent": Frederick IV, Elector of Saxony
 * "The Beloved":
 * Louis XVI of France
 * Otto, Duke of Austria
 * Peter V of Portugal
 * "The Benign" (Sp. el Benigno): Alfonso IV of Aragon
 * "The Bewitched": Charles II of Spain
 * "The Bitten": Frederick I, Landgrave of Thuringia
 * "The Black" (Fr. le Noir, Ger. der Schwarze, Pol. Czarny):
 * Conrad IV, Duke of Silesia
 * Fulk III, Count of Anjou
 * George of Serbia
 * Halfdan III of Vestfold
 * Henry IX of Bavaria
 * Hugh, Duke of Burgundy (923-952)
 * Leszek II, Duke of Krakow
 * Rainald II, Duke of Gelderland
 * Rudolph III of Tubingen-Herrenberg (d.1277)
 * Theodore of Smolensk (d.1299)
 * "The Black Prince": Edward, Prince of Wales
 * "The Blessed": Amadeus IX, Count of Savoy
 * "The Blind" (Fr. l'Aveugle, Nor. den Blinde, Rum. cel Orb, Rus. Tiomnyj):
 * Basil II, Grand Prince of Moscow (d.1462)
 * Bela II of Hungary
 * Bogdan III, Prince of Moldavia
 * Boleslav III of Bohemia
 * Gerard II, Duke of Holstein
 * Henry IV of Luxemburg
 * John I of Luxemburg | John of Bohemia
 * Magnus IV of Norway
 * "The Blinded": Constantine VI, Byzantine Emperor
 * "The Bobbed": John IV of Pskov (1460-1461)
 * "The Bold" (Fr. le Hardi, le Temeraire, Pol. Smialy):
 * Albert, Duke of Saxony
 * Boleslaw II of Poland
 * Charles, Duke of Burgundy
 * Philip II, Duke of Burgundy
 * Philip III of France
 * Rudolph II of the Palatinate
 * "The Bolonian": Alfonso III of Portugal
 * "The Bookish, Booklike, Book Lover" (Hun. Konyves):
 * Coloman of Hungary
 * Constantine I of Rostov (1207-1218) | Constantine I of Moscow (1216-1218),
 * Peter of Beloozero (1389-1428)
 * "The Brave" (Cze. Chrabry, Por. O Bravo, Ger. der Beherzte, Rum. cel Viteaz, Viteazul, Sp. el Bravo, Tur. Yavuz):
 * Albert, Landgrave of Thuringia
 * Alfonso IV of Portugal
 * Alfonso VI of Castile
 * Baldwin V, Count of Hainault
 * Baldwin VIII, Count of Flanders
 * Basil I of Rostov
 * Boleslaus, Duke of Bohemia
 * Boleslaus I of Poland
 * Decebala of Dacia
 * Ernest of Ostmark
 * Igor II of Kiev (d.1202)
 * John, Prince of Moldavia
 * Michael, Prince of Moldavia
 * Rostislav I of Rostov (d.1067)
 * Sancho IV of Castile
 * Selim I, Ottoman Sultan
 * Vadim I of Novgorod (d.872)
 * "The Brown" (Fr. le Brun):
 * Hugh IV of Lusignan
 * Hugh IX of Lusignan
 * Hugh X of Lusignan
 * Hugh XI of Lusignan
 * Hugh XII of Lusignan
 * "The Bruce": Robert of Scotland
 * "The Builder": Baldwin IV, Count of Hainault
 * "The Bulgar-Slayer" (Gr. Bulgaroctonus): Basil I, Byzantine Emperor
 * "The Burlap-Head": Raymond Berengar II of Barcelona
 * "The Bushy-Eyebrowed" (Gr. Murzuphlus): Alexis V, Byzantine Emperor
 * "The Butcher": Leo I, Byzantine Emperor

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C

 * "~ the Cabbage": Ivailo of Bulgaria (Ивайло 'Лахана', Ivaĭlo Lakhana)
 * "~ the Careless": John I of Aragon (Joan 'el Descurat')
 * "~ the Candid": Alfonso III of Aragon (Alfons 'el Franc; Alfonso 'el Franco)
 * "~ the Catholic":
 * Alfonso I of Asturias (Alonso 'el Católico')
 * Ferdinand II of Aragon (Fernando 'el Católico', Ferran el Catòlic)
 * Isabella I of Castile (Isabel 'la Católica')
 * Peter II of Aragon (Pedro II el Católico, Pere 'el Catòlic')
 * "~ the Caulker": Michael V, Byzantine Emperor (Μιχαήλ 'Καλαφάτης', Michaíl Kalaphátis)
 * "~ the Ceremonious": Peter IV of Aragon (Pedro 'el Ceremonioso, Pere 'el Cerimoniós)
 * "~ the Chansonnier": Theobald I of Navarre/Theobald IV of Champagne (Thibault 'le Chansonnier; Teobaldo 'el Trovador)
 * "~ the Chaste":
 * Alfonso II of Aragon (Alfons 'el Cast; Alfonso 'el Casto; Alphonse 'le Chaste')
 * Alfonso II of Asturias (Spanish: Alfonso el Casto)
 * Bolesław V the Chaste (Bolesław 'Wstydliwy')
 * "~ the Chief": Kenneth III of Scotland (Gaelic: Coinneach An Donn)
 * "~ the Clubfoot": Sverker I of Sweden (Sverker 'Klumpfot')
 * "~ Coal-Burner": Anund Jacob of Sweden (Old Norse: Emund Kolbränna)
 * "~ the Confessor": Edward the Confessor (of England)
 * "~ the Conqueror":
 * Afonso I of Portugal (Portuguese Affonso o Conquistador)
 * James I of Aragon (Jaume 'el Conqueridor; Jaime I, 'el Conquistador)
 * John V, Duke of Brittany (Jeane 'le Conquéreur')
 * Mehmed II of The Ottoman Empire (Ottoman Turkish: Fatih Sultan Mehmed)
 * Nicholas I of Russia
 * William I of England (Old English: Wilhelm 'se Gehīersumiend; Guillaume 'le Conquereur)
 * Valdemar II of Denmark (Old Norse Valdemar Sejr)
 * "~ Corvinus" (from Latin "like a raven"): Matthias Corvinus of Hungary ('Corvinus Mátyás; Matei 'Corvin)
 * "Crazy ~": Otto of Bavaria
 * "~ the Crosseyed": Vasili Kosoi, Muscovian usurper (Василий 'Косой', Vasiliy Kosoy)
 * "~ Crouchback":
 * Inge I of Norway (Old Norse: Inge Krokrygg)
 * Richard III of England
 * "~ the Crowned":
 * Nemanja of Serbia
 * Radoslav of Serbia
 * Vladislav of Serbia
 * Vladislav II of Syrmia
 * Dragutin of Serbia
 * Constantine of Serbia
 * Uroš I of Serbia
 * Uroš II of Serbia
 * Uroš III of Serbia
 * Uroš IV of Serbia
 * Uroš V of Serbia
 * "~ the Cruel":
 * Boleslaus I of Bohemia (Boleslav I. 'Ukrutný')
 * Louis XI of France
 * Peter I of Portugal (Pedro 'o Cruel')
 * 'Peter of Castile' (Pedro 'el Cruel)
 * "~ the Crusader": Sigurd I of Norway (Old Norse: Sigurd Jorsalfare)
 * "~ the Curly" Bolesław IV the Curly (Bolesław 'Kędzierzawy')
 * "~ Curthose" (Middle English, "short stockings"): Robert II, Duke of Normandy
 * "~ Curtmantle" (Middle English, "short cloak"): Henry II of England

D

 * "~ the Damned" or "~ the Accursed": Sviatopolk I of Kiev (Святополк 'Окаянный, Svyatopolk Okayannyy; Святополк 'Окаянний, Svyatopolk Okayannyy̆)
 * "~ Daisy": Margrethe II of Denmark
 * "~ the Deacon": Bermudo I of Asturias (Asturian: Bermudo 'el Diáconu; Bermudo 'el Diácono)
 * "~ the Debonaire": Louis I of France (Louis 'le Débonnaire''')
 * "~ the Deed-Doer": Edmund I of England
 * "~ the Desired":
 * Ferdinand VII of Spain
 * Sebastian of Portugal
 * "~ the Devil":
 * Robert I, Duke of Normandy (Robert 'le Diable''')
 * Vlad II of Wallachia (Vlad 'Dracul')
 * "~ Do-Nothing", "~ the Indolent" or "~ the Sluggard": Louis V of France (Louis 'le Fainéant')
 * "~ Dracul" (Romanian, "The Devil" or "The Dragon"): Vlad II of Wallachia (Vlad 'Dracul')
 * "~ Dracula" (Romanian, "Son of the Devil" or "Son of the Dragon"): Vlad III of Wallachia
 * "~ the Drunkard":
 * Michael III, Byzantine Emperor (Μιχαήλ Γ' 'ο Μέθυσος', Michaíl G' o Méthysos)
 * Selim II, Ottoman Emperor (Selim 'Sarhoş')
 * Wenceslaus, King of the Romans (Wenzel 'der Säufer; Václav 'Opilec)
 * "~ the Dung-Named": Constantine V, Byzantine Emperor (Κωνσταντίνος 'Ε' Κοπρόνυμος', Konstantínos E' Koprónymos)

E

 * "~ the Ecclesiastic" or "~ the Priest": Martin I of Aragon (Martí 'l'Eclesiàstic; Spanish: "Martín el Eclesiástico" o "el Cura'")
 * "~ the Elbow-High" or "The Ell-High": Władysław I of Poland (Polish: Władysław I Łokietek)
 * "~ the Elder":
 * Eadweard I of England (Old English: Ēadweard se Ieldra?)
 * Inge I of Sweden
 * Martin I of Aragon
 * Mircea I of Wallachia (Mircea 'cel Batran')
 * Pliny the Elder
 * Sverker I of Sweden (Sverker 'den äldre')
 * Tarquin I (Latin: Tarquinius Senior)
 * "~ the Eloquent": Edward of Portugal (Duarte 'o Eloquente')
 * "~ the Enlightened": Charles III of Spain (Carlos 'el Ilustrado')
 * "~ Epiphanes" (Greek "the manifest"): several Hellenistic kings, including
 * Ptolemy V Epiphanes 
 * "~ Euergetes" (Greek "the benefactor"): several Hellenistic kings, including
 * Ptolemy III Euergetes 
 * Ptolemy VIII Physcon 
 * "~ Eupator" (Greek "of noble father"):
 * Antiochus V
 * Mithridates VI of Pontus
 * Ptolemy Eupator
 * "~ the Executioner": Mehmed I of the Ottoman Empire (Mehmed I 'Kirişçi')
 * "~ the Exile": Władysław II the Exile (Władysław 'Wygnaniec)

F

 * "~ the Fair":
 * Charles IV of France (Charles 'le Bel')
 * Donald III of Scotland (Scots Gaelic: Domnall Bán)
 * Geoffrey V, Count of Anjou (French: Geoffroy le Bel)
 * Ivan II of Moscow (Russian: Иван Красный)
 * Louis I of France
 * Philip IV of France (Philippe 'le Bel')
 * "~ Fairhair": Harald I of Norway (Old Norse: Haraldr hinn hárfagri)
 * "~ the Fair Sun": Vladimir I of Kiev (Ukrainian Володимир Красне Сонечко)
 * "~ the Farmer": Denis of Portugal (Portuguese Diniz o Lavrador)
 * "~ The Swift(?): Eystein Halfdansson of Romerike and Vestfold (Old Norse: Eysteinn Fart''')
 * "~ the Fat":
 * Afonso II of Portugal (Portuguese Affonso o Gordo)
 * Charles III, Holy Roman Emperor (Charles 'le Gros')
 * Conan III, Duke of Brittany (French Conan III le Gros)
 * Henry I of Cyprus (Henri 'le Gros')
 * Henry I of Navarre (Henri 'le Gros; Spanish Enrique 'el Gordo)
 * Louis VI of France (Louis 'le Gros')
 * Sancho I of León
 * "~ the Fearless": John the Fearless (Jean 'sans Peur')
 * "~ First-Crowned": Stefan of Raška (Стефан 'Првовенчани')
 * "~ Fitzempress": Henry II of England
 * "~ Flatnose": Ketil of Man (Old Norse: Ketil Flatnef)
 * "~ Forkbeard": Sweyn I of Denmark (Old Norse: Svend Tjugeskæg or Svend Tyvskæg; Old English: Sweyn Forcbeard?)
 * "~ the Fortunate":
 * Manuel I of Portugal (Manuel 'o Venturoso or Manuel o Bem-Aventurado or Manuel O Afortunado''')
 * Dietrich of Oldenburg (Latin Teudericus Fortunatus)
 * "~ the Fowler": Henry I of Germany (Heinrich 'der Vogler or Heinrich 'der Finkler)
 * "~ From Overseas": Louis IV of France (French: Louis d'Outremer)

G
<!--
 * "~ the Generous" or "~ the Liberal": Alfonso III of Aragon Catalan: Alfons el Liberal; Spanish Alfonso el Liberal)
 * "~ the Gentle":
 * Frederick II, Elector of Saxony (Friedrich 'der Sanftmütige')
 * Harald III of Denmark (Old Norse: Harald Hen); see also "~ Hen" below
 * "~ the German": Louis I of the East Franks (Louis 'le Germanique')
 * "~ the Glorious":
 * Athelstan of England (Old English: Æþelstan, ætniman)
 * Elizabeth I of England (Gloriana)
 * "~ the God-Like One": Murad I, Ottoman Emperor (Murat 'Hüdavendigar')
 * "~ the God-Loving": Andrey I Bogolubsky (Russian: Андрей Боголюбский)
 * "~ the Good":
 * Alfonso IV of Aragon (Alfons 'el Benigne; Aragonese Alifonso o Beninno; Alfonso 'el Benigno)
 * Alexandru of Moldavia (Alexandru 'cel Bun')
 * Fulk II of Anjou (French Foulques le Bon?)
 * Hywel ap Cadell of Wales (Hywel 'Dda')
 * Haakon I of Norway (Old Norse: Hákon góði)
 * John I of Portugal (João 'o Bom')
 * John II of France (Jean 'le Bon')
 * Louis I of Holland (Lodewijk 'de Goede')
 * Magnus I of Norway (Old Norse: Magnus den Gode)
 * Philip III of Burgundy (Philippe 'le Bon')
 * William II of Sicily (Guglielmo 'il Buono')
 * " Good King ~": Henry IV of France (Bon Roi Henri)
 * "~ with the Good Memory": John I of Portugal (João 'o de Boa Memória')
 * "~ the Good Mother": Maria II of Portugal (Maria 'a Boa Mãe')
 * "~ the Gouty":
 * Piero I de Medici of Florence (Piero 'il Gottoso')
 * Bermudo II of León (Bermudo 'el Gotoso')
 * "~ the Great": see List of people known as The Great
 * "the Great Elector": Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg (Großer Kurfürst)
 * "~ Greyfell" or "~ Greyhide": Harald II of Norway (Old Norse: Haraldr gráfeldr)
 * "~ Greymantle": Geoffrey I of Anjou (French Geoffroy Grisegonelle)
 * "~ the Grim" or "~ the Brave" or "~ the Inexorable": Selim I of the Ottoman Empire (Turkish Yavuz Sultan Selim)
 * "~ Gylle": (Old Norse, "Servant"): Harald IV of Norway


 * "The General":
 * Michael VI, Byzantine Emperor
 * Nicephorus I, Byzantine Emperor
 * "The Generous" (Pol. Szczodry):
 * Alfonso III of Aragon
 * Boleslaus II of Poland
 * Leopold IV of Ostmark
 * "The Gentle: Frederick II, Elector of Saxony
 * "The German" (Fr. l'Allemand, Ger. der Deutsche):
 * Louis II of Germany
 * William II, Count of Burgundy
 * "The German Hector": Albert, Duke of Saxony
 * "The Glorious":
 * Alexander III of Scotland
 * Athelstan of Wessex
 * Ivar of Novgorod
 * Leopold VI of Austria
 * The God-Given" (Fr. Dieudonne): John I, Duke of Lorraine
 * "The God-like One": Murad I, Ottoman Sultan
 * "The Good" (Fr. le Bon, It. il Buono, Nor. den Gode, Pol. Dobry):
 * Alexander of Moldavia,
 * Alfonso IV of Aragon
 * Anthony, Duke of Lorraine
 * Baldwin VI, Count of Flanders
 * Charles I, Count of Flanders
 * Charles II, Duke of Savoy
 * Francis I, Emperor of Austria
 * Fulk II, Count of Anjou
 * Haakon of Norway
 * Henry I, Duke of Lorraine
 * Henry VI, Duke of Silesia
 * Howell, Prince of Wales
 * John I of Portugal
 * John II of France
 * John II of Silesia
 * John III, Duke of Brittany
 * Leopold, Duke of Lorraine
 * Louis of Bourbon
 * Magnus I of Norway
 * Philibert II, Duke of Savoy
 * Philip III of Burgundy
 * Rene of Naples
 * Robert I, Count of Artois
 * William II of Sicily
 * "The Good King" (Fr. Le Bon Roi): Rene I of Naples
 * "The Good Mother": Mary II of Portugal
 * "The Goodly": Ferdinand I of Austria
 * "The Gouty": Peter of Florence
 * "The Gracious": Duncan of Scotland
 * "The Grandson": Demetrius VI of Moscow (d.1508)
 * "The Great" (Cat. el Gran, Dan. den Store, Fr. le Grand, Ger. der Grosse, Hun. Nagy, Nor. den Mektige, Pol. Wielki, Rum. cel Mare, Rus. Velikij, Sp. el Grande, el Magno, el Mayor, Welsh, Mawr):
 * Alain (1471-1522), 16th Lord of Albret
 * Alain I, Duke of Brittany
 * Albert I, Duke of Brunswick
 * Albert I, Duke of Mecklenburg
 * Alfonso III of Asturias
 * Alfred of England
 * Amadeus III, Duke of Savoy
 * Arnulf I, Count of Flanders
 * Berenguela, Queen of Castile
 * Bogislaw III, Duke of Pomerania
 * Boris of Tver (1425-1461)
 * Charlemagne
 * Charles III, Duke of Lorraine
 * Charles Emmanuel I, Duke of Savoy
 * Casimir III of Poland
 * Catherine II, Empress of Russia
 * Canute I of England | Canute II of Denmark
 * Conrad, Margrave of Meissen
 * Constantine I, Byzantine Emperor
 * Enguerand III, Count of Coucy
 * Edzard I, Count of East Frisia
 * Ferdinand I of Castile
 * Frederick II of Prussia
 * Frederick II, Duke of Silesia
 * Gerard III, Count of Holstein
 * Gero, Margrave of Ostmark
 * Gustav II Adolph of Sweden
 * Henry IV of France
 * Herman III, Margrave of Baden
 * Hugh, Count of Paris,
 * Hugh I, Count of Vermandois
 * Hugh of Tuscany
 * John I of Portugal
 * John II of Aragon
 * John III, Grand Prince of Moscow
 * Justin I, Byzantine Emperor
 * Justinian I, Byzantine Emperor
 * Leo I, Byzantine Emperor
 * Llewelyn, Prince of Wales
 * Louis of Hungary
 * Louis I, Duke of Boubon
 * Louis XIV of France
 * Matthew I, Duke of Milan
 * Mstislav I, Grand Prince of Kiev (d.1132)
 * Oleg II of Riazan (d.1402)
 * Otto I of Germany
 * Otto II of Saxony (d.973)
 * Otto IV of Kirchberg
 * Otto Henry, Duke of Burgundy
 * Peter I of Pskov (1507-1509)
 * Peter I, Emperor of Russia
 * Peter III of Aragon
 * Raymond Berengar III, Count of Barcelona
 * Rhodri, Prince of Wales
 * Roger II of Sicily
 * Sancho III of Navarre
 * Simeon I of Bulgaria
 * Stephen, Prince of Moldavia
 * Svyatoslav IV of Smolensk (1358-1386)
 * Svantipolk | Swietopelk II, Duke of Pomerelia
 * Theodoric of the Visigoths
 * Theodosius I, Byzantine Emperor
 * Valdemar I of Denmark
 * Valdemar II, Duke of Schleswig
 * Vladimir I, Prince of Kiev
 * William I, Count of Burgundy
 * William V, Duke of Aquitaine
 * "The Great Conde": Louis II, Prince of Conde
 * "The Great Countess": Matilda, Margravine of Tuscany
 * "The Great Elector": Frederick William I, Elector of Brandenburg
 * "The Great Duke": Albert I, Duke of Mecklenburg
 * "The Green Count": Amadeus VI, Count of Savoy
 * "The Grim" (Tur. Yavuz): Selim I, Ottoman Sultan
 * "The Great Conde": Louis II, Prince of Conde
 * "The Great Countess": Matilda, Margravine of Tuscany
 * "The Great Elector": Frederick William I, Elector of Brandenburg
 * "The Great Duke": Albert I, Duke of Mecklenburg
 * "The Greek" (Fr. le Grec): Henry II of Brunswick-Grubenhagen, 1322-1351
 * "The Green Count": Amadeus VI, Count of Savoy (1343-1383)
 * "The Grim" (Ger. der Gestrenge, Tur. Yavuz): Selim I, Ottoman Sultan, 1512-1521

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H

 * "~ the Hairy": Wilfred I of Urgel
 * "~ Hairy Breeches": Ragnar Lodbrok of Sweden (Old Norse: Ragnarr Loðbrók)
 * "~ the Hammer":
 * Charles Martel of the Franks
 * Edward I of England, one of several nicknames (see Longshanks below).
 * Geoffrey II of Anjou
 * Geoffrey IV of Anjou
 * "~ The Hammer of the Scots": Edward I of England (1272–1307)
 * "~ the Handsome":
 * Ferdinand I of Portugal
 * Frederick I of Austria
 * John II Komnenos, Byzantine Emperor (Καλο 'ϊωάννης')
 * Philip I of Spain (Felipe 'el Hermoso')
 * Radu of Wallachia (cel Frumos)
 * "~ the Hardy": Canute III of Denmark (Old Norse: Hardeknud; Old English: Harthacnut)
 * "~ Hardrada" (from Old Norse "Harðráði", "Stern Counsel"): Harald III of Norway
 * "~ Harefoot": Harold I of England
 * "~ the Holy":
 * Canute IV of Denmark
 * Eric IX of Sweden
 * Olaf II of Norway
 * "~ the Hopeful": Peter V of Portugal
 * "~ the Hunchback": Pippin the Hunchback
 * "~ the Humane" or "~ the Humanist": Martin I of Aragon
 * "~ Hunger": Olaf I of Denmark
 * "~ the Hunter":
 * Gudrød
 * John I of Aragon (Spanish Juan 'el Cazador; Joan 'el Caçador)

I

 * "~ Ill-Ruler": Östen Beli of Sweden
 * "~ the Ill-Tempered": Fulk IV of Anjou
 * "~ the Impaler": Vlad III of Wallachia
 * "~ the Impotent" Henry IV of Castile (Enrique el Impotente)
 * "~ the Inconstant": Ferdinand I of Portugal
 * "~ the Indolent": Louis V of France
 * "~ the Invincible": Demetrius I of Bactria
 * "~ the Iron": Ernest of Austria
 * "~ Ironside":
 * Bjorn of Sweden
 * Edmund II of England

J

 * "~ the Just":
 * Ferdinand VI of Spain (Fernando 'el Justo')
 * James II of Aragon (Jaime 'el Justo')
 * Louis XIII of France
 * Matthias I of Hungary
 * Bayezid II, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire

K

 * "~ the Kind":
 * Alexandru of Moldavia
 * Alfonso IV of Aragon
 * "~ the Kind-Hearted": Eric I of Denmark
 * "The Khazar" (Gr. Chozar): Leo IV, Byzantine Emperor
 * "~ the Knight King": Christian V John of Denmark

L

 * "~ Lackland": John of England (Jean 'sans Terre')
 * "~ the Lamb": Eric III of Denmark
 * "~ the Lame":
 * "~ Timur (i-Lang'')
 * "~ Sigibert King of the Ripuarian Franks
 * "~ the Last":
 * Llywelyn ap Gruffudd of Wales (Llywelyn Ein Llyw Olaf)
 * Louis XVI of France (Louis le Dernier)
 * "~ the Lawful": Peter I of Portugal
 * "~ Law-Mender": Magnus VI of Norway
 * "~ the Lawgiver":
 * Eric IX of Sweden
 * Magnus VI of Norway
 * Süleyman I of the Ottoman Empire (Kanuni Sultan Süleyman)
 * "~ the Learned": Alfonso X of Castile
 * "~ the Liberal":
 * Alfonso III of Aragon
 * Edward of Savoy
 * Henry I of Champagne
 * "~ the Liberator":
 * Alexander II of Russia
 * Pedro I of Brazil
 * "~ the Lion":
 * Albert II of Mecklenburg
 * Brian Boruma of Ireland
 * Heinrich II, Lord of Mecklenburg
 * Henry III, Duke of Saxony
 * Louis VIII of France
 * William I of Scotland (Mediaeval Gaelic: Uilliam mac Eanric)
 * "~ the Lionheart": Richard I of England (Richard 'Cœur de Lion')
 * "~ the Little Impaler": Basarab Ţepeluş cel Tânăr of Wallachia (Basarab 'Ţepeluş')
 * "~ Lodbrok" (from Old Norse: "Loðbrók" "Hairy Breeches"): Ragnar Lodbrok of Sweden
 * "~ Longshanks": Edward I of England
 * "~ the Lover of Elegance": John I of Aragon (Joan 'l'Amador de la Gentilesa; Juan 'el Amador de la gentileza)

M

 * "~ the Mad":
 * Charles VI of France
 * '''George III of Great Britain
 * Joanna of Castile (Spanish: Juana la Loca)
 * Ludwig II of Bavaria
 * Maria I of Portugal (Maria ' a Louca')
 * "~ the Madman": Donald II of Scotland (Gaelic: Dòmhnall Dásachtach)
 * "~ the Magnanimous":
 * Emperor Pedro II of Brazil
 * King Alfonso V of Aragon
 * John Frederick I, Elector of Saxony
 * King John V of Portugal
 * Landgrave Philipp I of Hesse
 * King Ladislaus of Naples
 * Inca Roca
 * Charles II of Alençon
 * "~ the Magnificent":
 * Edmund I of England (Old English: Eadmund Glenglic)
 * Robert I of Normandy (Robert 'le Magnifique')
 * Suleiman I of the Ottoman Empire
 * "~ the Maiden":
 * Eystein of Norway
 * Malcolm IV of Scotland
 * "~ Martel" (German, "The Hammer"):
 * Charles Martel of the Franks
 * Geoffrey II of Anjou
 * Geoffrey IV of Anjou
 * "~ the Martyr":
 * Edward the Martyr of England
 * King Charles I of England
 * Nicholas II of Russia
 * "~ the Memorable": Eric II of Denmark
 * "~ the Merry":
 * Charles II of England
 * "~ the Mild": Halfdan of Romerike and Vestfold
 * "~ the Middle": Pippin of Herstal
 * "~ the Mighty": Stephen Uroš IV Dušan of Serbia
 * "~ Minus-a-Quarter": Michael VII Dukas, Byzantine Emperor
 * "~ Moneybags": Ivan I of Russia
 * "~ the Monk":
 * Alfonso IV of Leon
 * Fortun I of Pamplona
 * Ramiro II of Aragon
 * Vlad IV of Wallachia
 * "~ Monk's-Cloak"?: Jon Kuvlung of Norway
 * "~ Monomakh" (Russian "Мономах" from Greek "Μονομαχος", "One who fights alone"): Vladimir Monomakh of Kiev
 * "~ Monomakhos" (from Greek "Μονομαχος", "One who fights alone"): Constantine IX, Byzantine Emperor
 * "~ the Moor": Ludovico Sforza, Duke of Milan

N

 * "~ the Navigator": Henry of Portugal
 * "~ New-Day": Valdemar IV of Denmark
 * "~ of the Nine Hostages" (Irish Noigíallach): Niall Noigíallach of Ireland
 * "~ the Noble":
 * Charles III of Navarre
 * Magnus I of Norway
 * "~ the Noble King": Charles I of Poland
 * "~ No-Counsel" or "~ the Unready": Ethelred II of England (Old English: Æþelræd Unræd; Middle English: Ethelred the Redeless)

O

 * "The Oath-Taker": Henry III of Reuss (1337-1378)
 * "The Oberhofrichter": Henry of Reuss-Plauen (1271-1303)
 * "The Old" (Cat. el Vell, Fr. l'Ancien, le Vieux, Nor. den Gamle, Pol. Stary, Rum. cel Batran, Sp. el Velloso, Swe. den Gamle):
 * Albert I of Carpi,
 * Albert II of Wedenberg-Heiligenberg (1327-1370)
 * Arnulf I, Count of Flanders
 * Aunn of Sweden
 * Basarab Laiota, Prince of Wallachia
 * Boso I, Count of La Marche
 * Boso III of Turin
 * Conrad III of Silesia
 * Emund II of Sweden
 * Eric I, Duke of Brunswick-Kalenberg, 1495-1540
 * Frederick the Great (Prussia), also named "the Old Fritz" (der Alte Fritz)
 * George V, Count of Nassau-Dillenburg, 1620-1623
 * Haakon IV of Norway
 * Michael II of Beloozero (1432-1486)
 * Mieszko III of Poland
 * Mircea of Wallachia (1386-1418)
 * Raymond VI of Toulouse
 * Raymond Berengar I, Count of Barcelona
 * Rudolph II (d.1232), Count of Habsburg
 * Sigismund I of Poland
 * Theodore II of Beloozero (13??-1380)
 * William, Count of Nassau, 1538-1559
 * "The Old Dessauer": Leopold of Anhalt-Dessau
 * "The One-Eyed" (Ger. der Einaugige):
 * John II, Count of Holstein
 * William, Landgrave of Thuringia
 * "~ the Old":
 * Emund of Sweden
 * Gorm of Denmark
 * Guthrum
 * '''Igor of Kiev
 * Pippin of Landen
 * Mieszko III the Old
 * "~ the One-Eyed":
 * Fortun I of Pamplona
 * Antigonus I Monophthalmus
 * "The Oppressed" (Ger. der Bedrängte): Dietrich, Margrave of Meissen
 * "The Orphan": Henry I of Reuss (1250-1295)
 * "~ the Outlaw": Edgar Ætheling of England
 * "~ d'Outremer" (French, "from Overseas"): Louis IV of France

P

 * "~ the Pacific": Peter II of Portugal
 * "~ the Pale": Constantius I, Roman Emperor
 * "~ the Peaceful":
 * Edgar of England
 * Olaf III of Norway
 * "~ the Peacemaker":
 * '''Alexander III of Russia
 * Alfonso XII of Spain (Alfonso 'el Pacificador')
 * "~ the Perfect Prince": John II of Portugal
 * "~ the Philosopher" or "~ the Philosopher King": Edward of Portugal (Duarte 'O Rei-Filósofo')
 * "~ the Pious":
 * Boleslav II of Bohemia
 * Edward VI, King of England
 * John III of Portugal
 * Louis I of France
 * Maria I of Portugal
 * Philip III of Spain (Felipe 'el Piadoso')
 * Robert II of France
 * Sancho II of Portugal
 * William V, Duke of Bavaria
 * "~ Ploughpenny": Eric IV of Denmark
 * "~ the Popular": Louis I of Portugal
 * "~ the Populator": Sancho I of Portugal
 * "~ the Posthumous":
 * John I of France
 * Ladislaus I of Bohemia
 * Theobald IV of Champagne
 * "~ the Powerful": Uroš IV of Serbia
 * "~ the Precious": Stephen II of Serbia
 * "~ the Priest Hater": Eric II of Norway
 * "~ the Proud":
 * Simeon of Moscow
 * Tarquin the Proud (Lat. Lucius Tarquinius Superbus)
 * "~ the Prudent":
 * Louis XI of France
 * Philip II of Spain (Felipe 'el Prudente')
 * "~ the Purple-Born":
 * Baldwin II of Constantinople
 * Constantine VII, Byzantine Emperor

<!--
 * "The Pacific" (Por. O Pacifico, Sp. el Pacificador):
 * Alfonso XII of Spain
 * Christopher, Duke of Wurttemberg
 * Frederick I of Denmark, 1523-1533
 * Frederick IV, Landgrave of Thuringia, 1406-1440
 * Peter II of Portugal
 * Sancho I of Mallorca
 * "The Paphlagonian": Michael IV, Byzantine Emperor
 * "The Parricide": John of Austria (Duke of Swabia, 1290-1313)
 * "The Peaceable":
 * Edgar of England, (959-975)
 * Edgar of Scotland
 * "The Peaceful" (Ger. der Friedfertige):
 * Amadeus VIII, Duke of Savoy
 * Edmund, Duke of Savoy
 * Frederick, Landgrave of Thuringia
 * Frederick V of Austria
 * Henry IV, Duke of Brunswick
 * Henry V, Duke of Mecklenburg
 * John I, Duke of Mecklenburg
 * John II, Duke of Brabant
 * John III of Marck
 * Louis II, Landgrave of Hesse (1413-1458)
 * Louis V of the Palatinate
 * Olav III of Norway
 * "The Peasant's God" (Dut. Keerlen God): Floris V, Count of Holland
 * "The Peculiar" (Ger. der Wunderliche): Henry I, Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen
 * "The Perfect Prince": John II of Portugal
 * "The Persistent": Henry II of Reuss-Lobenstein (1500-1547, d.1550)
 * "The Philosopher":
 * "The Pilgrim" (Sp. el Pelegrino):
 * Ermengol II, Count of Urgel
 * Henry I, Duke of Mecklenburg (d.1302)
 * Henry I of Reuss (1449-1475)
 * "The Pious" (Fr. le Pieux, Ger. der Fromme, Pol. Pobozny, Sp. Pio):
 * Albert I, Count of Vermandois
 * Albert III of Bavaria
 * Andrew of Suzdal
 * Baldwin V, Count of Flanders
 * Boleslaus II of Bohemia
 * Burchard I of Querfurt
 * Canute of Schleswig
 * Conrad, Margrave of Meissen, 1130-1156
 * Ernest I (1601-1675), Duke of Saxe-Gotha
 * Frederick III, Duke of Brunswick-Luneburg
 * Frederick III of the Palatinate
 * George, Margrave of Ansbach
 * George of Nurnberg
 * George I Hesse-Darmstadt
 * Henry of Saxe-Wittenberg (1539-1541)
 * Henry I of Brabant
 * Henry II of Reuss
 * Henry II of Silesia-Wroclaw
 * Henry V (1473-1541), Duke of Saxony
 * John III of Portugal
 * Louis I, Holy Roman Emperor, 814-840
 * Louis III of Wurttemberg (1568-1593
 * Louis III, Landgrave of Thuringia
 * Magnus I, Duke of Brunswick-Gottingen
 * Mary I of Portugal
 * Otto III of Brandenburg
 * Robert II of France
 * Werner II, Count of Habsburg
 * William I, Duke of Aquitaine
 * "The Pomeranian:"
 * Adolph V, Count of Holstein
 * Eric XIII of Sweden
 * "The Popular": Louis I of Portugal
 * "The Populator" (Sp. El Repoblador): Sancho I of Portugal
 * "The Poor": Radu II, Prince of Wallachia
 * "The Posthumous" (Fr. le Posthume):
 * Arthur I, Duke of Brittany
 * Frederick William II, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg
 * John I of France
 * Ladislas of Austria
 * William Augustus, Duke of Saxe-Eisenach
 * "The Priest": Sverre of Norway
 * "The Priest-Hater" (Nor. Præsthatare); Eric Præsthatare of Norway
 * "The Proud" (Ger. der Stolze):
 * Albert I, Margrave of Meissen
 * Godfred of Vestfold
 * Henry X of Bavaria
 * Simeon, Grand Prince of Moscow (1341-1353)
 * "The Prudent" (Fr. le Prudent, Sp. el Prudente):
 * Ferdinand VI of Spain
 * Louis XI of France
 * Philip II of Spain
 * "The Purple-born" (Gr. Porphyrogenitus): Constantine VII, Byzantine Emperor

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Q

 * "~ the Quarreller":
 * Frederick of Saxony
 * Louis X of France
 * "~ the Quiet": Olaf III of Norway

R

 * "~ the Rash": James III of Majorca
 * "~ the Red":
 * Haakon of Sweden (Håkan 'Röde')
 * Fulk I of Anjou
 * John I, Duke of Brittany
 * Otto II, Holy Roman Emperor
 * William II of England (Latin: William Rufus)
 * "~ the Redemptress": Isabel of Brazil
 * "~ the Red King": Macbeth of Scotland (Medieval Gaelic: Mac Bethad mac Findlaích Rí Deircc)
 * "~ the Redless" or "~ the Redeless": Ethelred II of England (Old English: Æthelred Unræd)
 * "~ the Reformer": Joseph I of Portugal
 * "~ the Restorer":
 * Casimir I of Poland (Kazimierz 'Odnowiciel')
 * García Ramírez of Navarre
 * Mehmed I of the Ottoman Empire
 * John IV of Portugal
 * "~ the Righteous": Henry IV of Silesia

S
<!--
 * "~ the Sailor King": William IV of the United Kingdom
 * "~ the Saint": Ferdinand III of Castile (Fernando 'el Santo')
 * "~ the Saver of Europe": Tervel of Bulgaria
 * "~ the Savior": '''Menander I
 * "~ the Seer": Oleg of Novgorod
 * "~ the She-Wolf of France: Isabella of France
 * "~ the Be-shitten": James II of England and Ireland, also James VII of Scotland (Irish Séamus a' Cháca)
 * "~ the Short": Pippin III, King of the Franks
 * "~ the Silent":
 * Olav III of Norway
 * William I of Orange
 * "~ the Simple": Charles III of France
 * "~ Skötkonung" (Old Norse "Tax-King"?): Olof of Sweden
 * "~ Slemme": Emund of Sweden
 * "~ the Sluggard": Louis V of France
 * "~ the Soldier": Victor Emmanuel III of Italy
 * "~ the Soldier-King":
 * Frederick William I of Prussia
 * Pedro I of Brazil
 * "~ the Spider": Louis XI of France
 * "~ the Spirited": Philip V of Spain (Felipe 'el Animoso')
 * "~ Split-Nose": Justinian II, Byzantine Emperor
 * "~ the Stammerer": Louis II of France
 * "~ the Stout": Olaf II of Norway
 * "~ the Strong":
 * Augustus II the Strong
 * Magnus Nilsson, Swedish pretender
 * Sancho VII of Navarre
 * Uroš IV of Serbia
 * "~ the Stuttering and Lame": Eric XI of Sweden (Swedish Erik läspe och halte)
 * "~ the Sudden": Karl I of Austria
 * "~ the Sun King": Louis XIV of France

-->
 * "The Sage": Vermund of Denmark
 * "The Sailor King": William IV of England (1830-1837)
 * "The Saint" (Cat. el Sant, Ger. der Heilige, Nor. den Hellige, Sp. el Santo):
 * Alexander of Tver (d.1339)
 * Canute IV of Denmark
 * David of Scotland
 * Eric IX of Sweden
 * Ferdinand III of Castile
 * George II of Moscow (1212-1216, d.1238)
 * Gleb I of Kiev (1010-1015)
 * Hedwig, Queen of Poland, 1384-1386
 * Henry II of Germany
 * Igor I of Kiev (d.1147)
 * Ladislas I of Hungary
 * Leopold III of Austria
 * Leopold III of Ostmark
 * Louis IV, Landgrave of Thuringia
 * Louis IX of France
 * Michael of Kiev (d.1245)
 * Michael II of Moscow (1247-1248)
 * Michael III of Moscow (1304-1318, d.1319)
 * Olav II of Norway (1015-1028)
 * Raymond Berenger IV, Count of Barcelona
 * Roman II of Riazan (1258-1270)
 * Stephen I of Hungary
 * Vladimir I, Prince of Kiev
 * Wenceslaus I of Bohemia
 * William X of Aquitaine
 * "The Sallow": Selim II, Ottoman Sultan
 * "The Saxon Hercules" (Ger. Sachsischer Herkules): Frederick Augustus I, Elector of Saxony
 * "The Saxon Justinian" (Ger. Sächsischer Justinian): Augustus, Elector of Saxony
 * "The Saxon Mars": John George III, Elector of Saxony
 * "The Saxon Roland (Ger. Sächsischer Roland): Albert, Duke of Saxony
 * "The Scholar": John I of Silesia
 * "The Seer": Oleg of Novgorod (880-912)
 * "The Serene": Henry I, Landgrave of Thuringia, 1247-1265
 * "The Serious" (Ger. der Ernsthafte): Frederick, Landgrave of Thuringia
 * "The Servant of Christ" (Nor. Gylle, Gille, Gylle Krist): Harald IV of Norway
 * "The Severe" (Fr. le Severe, Ger. der Freudholdige):
 * Frederick II, Landgrave of Thuringia, 1323-1349
 * Henry of Reuss (1349-1459)
 * Louis II of Bavaria
 * Louis II of the Palatinate
 * Peter of Portugal
 * "The Shepherd" (Rum. Ciobanul): Mircea, Prince of Wallachia, 1545-1554, 1558-1559
 * "The Short" (Fr. le Bref, Ger. der Kleine, Pol. Lokietek):
 * Bolko II of Silesia
 * Henry II of Reuss (1303-1349)
 * Pepin III of the Franks, 751-768
 * Ladislaus IV of Poland
 * "The Silent": William VIII (d.1584), Prince of Orange
 * "The Simple" (Rum. Prasnaglava):
 * Adolph of the Palatinate
 * Charles III of France
 * Frederick III of Sicily (1355-1377)
 * Lulach of Scotland
 * Peter II of Brittany
 * Radu II, Prince of Wallachia, 1421-1431
 * "The Slimy" (Nor. Slembe): Sigurd Slembe of Norway
 * "The Slit-Nosed" (Gr. Rhinotmetus): Justinian II Rhinotmetus, Byzantine Emperor
 * "The Slobberer": Alfonso IX of Leon
 * "The Small" (Fr. le Petit):
 * Charles II of Hungary, 1385-1386
 * Conan IV, Duke of Brittany
 * Nicholas of Silesia
 * Otto VI of Brandenburg
 * "The Soldier King" (Por. O Rei-Soldado): Peter IV of Portugal
 * "The Solemn": Frederick II of Meissen
 * "The Sot":
 * Michael III, Byzantine Emperor
 * Selim II, Ottoman Sultan
 * "The Sparrow": Henry VIII of Silesia
 * "The Spendthrift": Albert VI of Austria
 * "The Spittler": Henry III of Reuss (1225, 1264, d.c1266)
 * "The Stammerer" (Fr. le Begue, Ger. der Stammerer, Gr. Psellus):
 * Frederick, Margrave of Meissen
 * Louis II of France
 * Michael II, Byzantine Emperor
 * Rudolph I, Duke of Bavaria
 * "The Steady" (Ger. der Bestandige): John of Saxony (1525-1532)
 * "The Stern" (Ger. der Strenge):
 * Frederick III, Landgrave of Thuringia
 * Louis II of Bavaria
 * "The Steward": Robert II of Scotland
 * "The Stingy": Halfdan II of Vestfold
 * "The Stout": Olav II of Norway
 * "The Strict": Bolko I, Duke of Silesia
 * "The Strong" (Fr. le Fort, Ger. der Starke, Pol. Mocny, Sp. el Fuerte):
 * Asen I of Bulgaria
 * Frederick III, Landgrave of Thuringia, 1349-1381
 * Frederick Augustus I, Elector of Saxony, 1694-1733
 * George II of Anhalt-Dessau
 * Henry I, Margrave of Austria
 * Humbert II, Duke of Savoy
 * John II of Schwarzenberg
 * Leopold of Ostmark
 * Leopold, Margrave of Styria
 * Magnus Nielssen of Sweden
 * Magnus II of Denmark
 * Robert, Count of Tours, 853-866
 * Sancho II of Castile
 * Sancho VII of Navarre
 * "The Stubborn" (Sp. el Obstinado): Louis X of France | Louis I of Navarre
 * "The Sufferer" (Sp. el Doliente): Henry III of Castile (1390-1406)
 * "The Summoned" (Sp. el Emplazado): Ferdinand IV of Castile, 1295-1312
 * "The Sun King": Louis XIV of France

T

 * "~ the Tall":
 * Canute II of Sweden
 * Philip V of France
 * Stephen of Serbia
 * "~ the Tennis King": Gustav V of Sweden
 * "~ the Terrible":
 * Charles, Duke of Burgundy
 * Ivan IV of Russia
 * Shingas
 * Krum of Bulgaria
 * "~ the Theologian": John I of Mecklenburg
 * "~ the Thunderbolt": Bayezid I, Ottoman Sultan
 * "~ the Tough": Helen of Bosnia (Jelena Gruba)
 * "~ Transmarinus": (Latin: transmarinus "from Outerseas") Louis IV of France
 * "~ the Trembling": Garcia IV of Pamplona
 * "~ the Tremulous": Garcia II of Navarre
 * "~ the Troubadour":
 * Alfonso II of Aragon
 * Theobald IV of Champagne
 * "~ the Tyrant": Christian II of Denmark (In Sweden)

U

 * "~ the Unavoidable": Louis XVIII of France
 * "~ the Unique": Frederick II of Prussia
 * "~ the Union King": Charles XIV John of Sweden
 * "~ the Unlucky":
 * Arnulf III of Flanders
 * Henry III of Reuss
 * "~ the Unready": Ethelred II of England
 * "~ the Usurper": Mauregato of Asturias

V

 * "~ the Vain":James I of England (VI of Scots)
 * "~ the Valiant": Jean V of Brittany
 * "~ the Victorious":
 * Afonso VI of Portugal
 * Charles VII of France
 * Eric VI of Sweden
 * Frederick I of the Palatinate
 * Valdemar II of Denmark
 * "~ the Virgin Queen": Elizabeth I of England

W

 * The Wodeyars of Mysore
 * King HH Chamaraja Wodeyar X
 * King HH Krishnaraja Wodeyar IV
 * King HH Sir Jayachamarajendra Wodeyar
 * Prince Srikanthadatta Narasimharaja Wodeyar
 * "~ the Warlike":
 * Albert, Prince of Beyreuth
 * Bernard VII of Lippe
 * Frederick I, Elector of Saxony
 * Frederick II of Austria
 * Herman of Schwarzenberg
 * Michael VI, Byzantine Emperor
 * Svyatoslav I of Kiev
 * "~ the Warrior": Charles I of Savoy
 * "~ Wartooth": Harald of Sweden (Old Norse: Haraldr Hilditönn)
 * "~ the Weak": '''Uroš V of Serbia
 * "~ Wearing-a-Cape": Hugh Capet of France
 * "~ the Well-Beloved":
 * Charles VI of France
 * Louis I of Spain (Luis 'el Bien Amado')
 * "~ the Well-Served": Charles VII of France
 * "~ the White":
 * Henry III of Silesia
 * Leszek I of Poland (Leszek 'Biały')
 * "~ Who-Fights-Alone":
 * Constantine IX, Byzantine Emperor
 * Vladimir Monomakh of Kiev
 * "~ the Wicked":
 * Ordoño IV of León
 * Yazdegerd I of Persia
 * "~ of Winchester
 * Edward I of England
 * "~ the Wise":
 * Albert II of Austria
 * Albert IV of Bavaria
 * Alfonso X of Castile
 * Charles V of France
 * Coloman of Hungary
 * Frederick II of the Palatinate
 * Frederick III, Elector of Saxony
 * Leo VI, Byzantine Emperor
 * Mandukhai Khatun,empress of the Mongol Empire
 * Robert of Naples
 * Sancho VI of Navarre
 * William IV of Hesse-Kassel (or Hesse-Cassel)
 * Yaroslav I of Kiev
 * "~ the Wrymouth": Boleslaus III of Poland (Bolesław 'Krzywousty')

Y

 * "Yellow ~" or "~ the Blond": Selim II of the Ottoman Empire ('Sarı' Sultân Selim)
 * "~ the Young":
 * Basarab Ţepeluş of Wallachia (Old Romanian: Basarab Ţepeluş cel Tânăr)
 * Fulk V of Anjou (French Foulque le Jeune)
 * "~ the Young King": Henry the Young King (French Henri le Jeune)
 * "~ the Younger":
 * Inge II of Sweden(Swedish Inge den yngre)
 * Louis VII of France (French Louis le Jeune)
 * Pippin III, King of the Franks (French, Pépin le Bref; German, Pippin der Kleine, Pippin der Kurze, or Pippin der Jüngere); see also "~ the Short", above
 * Sverker II of Sweden (Swedish Sverker den yngre)

Sobriquets

 * "The Accursed": Genghis Khan
 * "Caligula": (Latin, "Little Boots"): Gaius Julius Caesar Germanicus, Roman Emperor
 * "Caracalla" (Latin, "Hooded Tunic"): Marcus Aurelius Antoninus, Roman Emperor
 * "Cecco Peppe" (Italian, diminutive of Francesco Giuseppe): Franz Joseph I of Austria
 * "Champion of the Reformation": John Frederick I, Elector of Saxony
 * "Emperor-Sacristan": Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor
 * "Farmer George": George III of the United Kingdom
 * "Father-in-law of Europe":
 * Christian IX of Denmark
 * Nicholas I of Montenegro
 * "First Gentleman of Europe": Louis XV of France
 * "Fox of Mecklenburg": Albert II of Mecklenburg
 * "Gloriana": Elizabeth I of England
 * "Good King Henry" (French: "le bon roi Henri"): Henry IV of France
 * "Good Queen Bess": Elizabeth I of England
 * "Grandmother of Europe": Queen Victoria
 * "The Great Belly-Gerent": Frederick I of Württemberg
 * "The Great Elector" (German: "Großer Kurfürst"): Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg
 * "Hammer of the North": Harald III of Norway
 * "Hammer of the Scots": Edward I of England
 * "Harry": Maud of the United Kingdom
 * "He of the Little Dagger" (Catalan language: "el del Punyalet"): Peter IV of Aragon
 * "Hooded Tunic" (Caracalla): Marcus Aurelius Antoninus, Roman Emperor
 * "The Huckster King": Henry VII of England
 * "The Iron and Golden King" Ottokar II of Bohemia (Czech: "Král železný a zlatý")
 * "The Iron Duke": Fernando Álvarez de Toledo, Duke of Alva (Dutch: "IJzeren Hertog")
 * "The Iron Pope":(Italian: Il Papa Ferreo) Pope Sixtus V
 * "The King of May" (Italian: "Re di maggio"): Umberto II of Italy
 * "The Knight King": Christian V John of Denmark
 * "The Last Emperor": Puyi of China (Chinese: 末代皇帝)
 * "The Last Knight": Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor
 * "Lion of Justice": Henry I of England; Henry II of England
 * "Lion of the North": Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden
 * "The Little Corporal": Napoleon I of France
 * "Little Sabre" (Italian: "Sciaboletta"): Victor Emmanuel III of Italy
 * "The Merry Monarch" or "The Merrie Monarch":
 * Charles II of England
 * Kalākaua of Hawai‘i
 * "Mrs Brown": Queen Victoria
 * "Napoleon of the Pacific": Kamehameha I of Hawai‘i
 * "The Nine Days Queen": Lady Jane Grey
 * "Old Coppernose": Henry VIII of England
 * "The One Of The Little Dagger": (Catalan: "El del Punyalet"): Peter IV of Aragon
 * "The People's King": Lunalilo of Hawaii
 * "The Pius Grandfather":(Italian: Il Pio Nonno) Pope Pius IX (Play on words)
 * "The Prince of Whales": George IV of the United Kingdom
 * "The Sailor King": William IV of the United Kingdom
 * "The Scourge of God": Attila the Hun
 * "Skanderbeg" (from Albanian Skënderbeu, "Lord Alexander"): George Kastrioti of Albania
 * "Soft-Sword": John of England
 * "Stupid Willy" (Polish: "Głupi Wiluś"): Wilhelm II of Germany
 * "The Sun King" (French: "Le Roi Soleil"): Louis XIV of France
 * "Thief of Cairo": Farouk of Egypt
 * "The Uncle of Europe": Edward VII of the United Kingdom
 * "The Union King" (Swedish and Norwegian: "Unionskungen"): Charles XIV John of Sweden
 * "The Universal Spider" (Old French: "l'universelle aragne"): Louis XI of France
 * "The Virgin Queen": Elizabeth I of England 
 * "The Warrior Pope":(Italian: Il Papa Guerriero) Julius II of the Papal States
 * "The Winter King": Frederick I of Bohemia
 * "The Wisest Fool In Christendom": James I of England