List of rulers of Austria

{Austrians}} Austria was ruled by the House of Babenberg until 1246 and by the House of Habsburg from 1282 to 1918.

Margraves of Austria
The March of Austria, also known as Marcha Orientalis, was first formed in 976 out of the lands that had once been the March of Pannonia in Carolingian times. The oldest attestation dates back to 996, where the written name "ostarrichi" occurs in a document transferring land in present-day Austria to a Bavarian monastery.

House of Babenberg
(Luitpold der Erlauchte) 976–994 nine children Würzburg aged about 54 (Heinrich der Starke) 994–1018 son of Leopold I and Richardis of Sualafeldgau (Adalbert der Siegreiche) 1018–1055 son of Leopold I and Richardis of Sualafeldgau no children know (2) Frozza Orseolo one issue Melk aged about 70 (Ernst der Tapfere) 1055–1075 son of Adalbert and Glismod of West-Saxony 1060 three children (2) Swanhilde von der Ungarnmark 1072 no issue aged about 48 (Luitpold der Schöne) 1075–1095 son of Ernest and Adelaide of Eilenburg 1065 eight children aged about 45 (Luitpold der Heilige) 1095–1136 Melk son of Leopold II and Ida of Cham one son (2) Agnes of Germany 1106 eighteen children Vienna aged about 63 (Luitpold der Freigiebige) 1137–1141 son of Leopold III and Agnes of Germany 28 September 1138 no issue Niederalteich aged about 33 (Heinrich Jasomirgott) 1141–1156 son of Leopold III and Agnes of Germany 1 May 1142 one daughter (2) Theodora Komnene 1148 three children aged about 70
 * width=auto| Leopold I the Illustrious
 * [[Image:Herzog Leopold I. Babenberg.jpg|100px]]
 * c. 940
 * Richardis of Sualafeldgau
 * 10 July 994
 * width=auto| Henry I the Strong
 * width=auto| Henry I the Strong
 * [[Image:Herzog Heinrich I. Babenberg.jpg|100px]]
 * late 10th century
 * never married
 * 23 June 1018
 * width=auto| Adalbert the Victorious
 * width=auto| Adalbert the Victorious
 * Adalbert der Siegreiche.jpg
 * c. 985
 * (1) Glismod of West-Saxony
 * 26 May 1055
 * width=auto| Ernest the Brave
 * width=auto| Ernest the Brave
 * Ernst II. der Tapfere.jpg
 * c. 1027
 * (1) Adelaide of Eilenburg
 * 10 June 1075
 * width=auto| Leopold II the Fair
 * width=auto| Leopold II the Fair
 * Herzog Leopold II. Babenberg.jpg
 * c. 1050
 * Ida of Cham
 * 12 October 1095
 * width=auto| Leopold III the Good
 * width=auto| Leopold III the Good
 * Herzog Leopold III. Babenberg.jpg
 * c. 1073
 * (1) Maria of Perg
 * 15 November 1136
 * width=auto| Leopold IV the Generous
 * width=auto| Leopold IV the Generous
 * Markgraf Leopold IV. Babenberg.jpg
 * c. 1108
 * Maria of Bohemia
 * 18 October 1141
 * width=auto| Henry II Jasomirgott
 * width=auto| Henry II Jasomirgott
 * Herzog Heinrich II. Babenberg.jpg
 * c. 1107
 * (1) Gertrude of Süpplingenburg
 * 13 January 1177
 * }
 * }

Dukes of Austria
In 1156, the Privilegium Minus elevated the march to a duchy, independent of the Duchy of Bavaria.

House of Babenberg
(Heinrich Jasomirgott) 1156–1177 son of Leopold III and Agnes of Germany 1 May 1142 one daughter (2) Theodora Komnene 1148 three children aged about 70 (Luitpold der Tugendhafte) 1177–1194 son of Henry II and Theodora Komnene 1174 four children Graz aged about 37 (Friedrich der Katholische) 1195–1198 son of Leopold V and Helena of Hungary The Holy Land aged about 23 (Luitpold der Glorreiche) 1198–1230 son of Leopold V and Helena of Hungary 1203 seven children San Germano aged about 54 (Friedrich der Streitbare) 1230–1246 Wiener Neustadt son of Leopold VI and Theodora Angelina no issue (2) Agnes of Merania 1229 no issue Leitha aged 35
 * width=auto| Henry II Jasomirgott
 * Herzog Heinrich II. Babenberg.jpg
 * c. 1107
 * (1) Gertrude of Süpplingenburg
 * 13 January 1177
 * width=auto| Leopold V the Virtuous
 * width=auto| Leopold V the Virtuous
 * Herzog Leopold V. Babenberg.jpg
 * c. 1157
 * Helena of Hungary
 * 31 December 1194
 * width=auto| Frederick I the Catholic
 * width=auto| Frederick I the Catholic
 * Herzog Friedrich I. der Christliche.jpg
 * c. 1175
 * never married
 * 16 April 1198
 * width=auto| Leopold VI the Glorious
 * width=auto| Leopold VI the Glorious
 * Herzog Leopold VI. Babenberg.jpg
 * c. 1176
 * Theodora Angelina
 * 28 July 1230
 * width=auto| Frederick II the Quarrelsome
 * width=auto| Frederick II the Quarrelsome
 * Herzog Friedrich II. Babenberg.jpg
 * 25 April 1211
 * (1) Sophia Laskarina
 * 15 June 1246
 * }
 * }

Interregnum
After Frederick's death, the succession of the Duchy was disputed between various claimants:
 * Vladislaus of Moravia, claimant 1246–1247
 * Herman VI of Baden, claimant 1248–1250
 * Frederick I of Baden, claimant 1250–1268
 * Ottokar II of Bohemia, claimant 1251–1278

House of Habsburg
In 1278, Rudolf I, King of Germany, defeated Ottokar and took control of Austria. In 1282 he invested his sons with the Duchies of Austria and Styria, thereby securing it for the House of Habsburg.

1278–1282 Breisgau son of Albert IV, Count of Habsburg and Hedwig of Kyburg 1245 9 children (2) Isabella of Burgundy 5 February 1284 no issue Speyer aged 73 1282–1308 Vienna eldest son of Rudolf I and Gertrude of Hohenburg 20 December 1274 Vienna 12 children Windisch aged 52 1282–1283 Rheinfelden third son of Rudolph I and Gertrude of Hohenburg March 1289 Prague one son Prague aged 20 1298–1307 Vienna eldest son of Albert I and Elisabeth of Gorizia-Tyrol 25 May 1300 one daughter (2) Elisabeth Richeza of Poland 16 October 1306 no issue Horažďovice aged 26 1308–1330 Vienna second son of Albert I and Elisabeth of Gorizia-Tyrol 11 May 1315 Ravensburg three children Gutenstein aged 41 1308–1326 Vienna third son of Albert I and Elisabeth of Gorizia-Tyrol 26 May 1315 Basel two daughters Strassburg aged 35 1330–1358 Habsburg Castle fourth son of Albert I and Elisabeth of Gorizia-Tyrol 15 February 1324 Vienna six children Vienna aged 59 1330–1339 Vienna seventh son of Albert I and Elisabeth of Gorizia-Tyrol 15 May 1325 Straubing two sons (2) Anne of Bohemia 16 February 1335 Znaim no issue Neuberg an der Mürz aged 37 1339–1344 eldest son of Otto I and Elisabeth of Bavaria Neuberg an der Mürz aged 17 1339–1344 second son of Otto I and Elisabeth of Bavaria aged 16 1358–1365 Vienna eldest son of Albert II the Wise and Joanna of Pfirt 13 July 1356 Vienna no issue Milan aged 25
 * width=auto| Rudolf I
 * Rudolph I of Austria.jpg
 * 1 May 1218
 * (1) Gertrude of Hohenburg
 * 15 July 1291
 * width=auto| Albert I
 * width=auto| Albert I
 * AlbrechtI.jpg
 * July 1255
 * Elisabeth of Gorizia-Tyrol
 * 1 May 1308
 * width=auto| Rudolf II the Debonair
 * width=auto| Rudolf II the Debonair
 * Erb.jpg
 * July 1270
 * Agnes of Bohemia
 * 10 May 1290
 * width=auto| Rudolf III the Good
 * width=auto| Rudolf III the Good
 * Rudolf Stepan.jpg
 * c. 1281
 * (1) Blanche of France
 * 3/4 July 1307
 * width=auto| Frederick I the Fair
 * width=auto| Frederick I the Fair
 * Frederick III the Fair.jpg
 * c. 1289
 * Isabella of Aragon
 * 13 January 1330
 * width=auto| Leopold I the Glorious
 * width=auto| Leopold I the Glorious
 * Leopold1mini.jpg
 * 4 August 1290
 * Catherine of Savoy
 * 28 February 1326
 * width=auto| Albert II the Wise
 * width=auto| Albert II the Wise
 * Albert II of Habsburg.jpg
 * 12 December 1298
 * Joanna of Pfirt
 * 16 August 1358
 * width=auto| Otto I the Merry
 * width=auto| Otto I the Merry
 * Otto, Duke of Austria.jpg
 * 23 July 1301
 * (1) Elisabeth of Bavaria
 * 17 February 1339
 * width=auto| Frederick II
 * width=auto| Frederick II
 * rowspan="2"| Ota synci2.jpg
 * 10 February 1327
 * never married
 * 11 December 1344
 * width=auto| Leopold II
 * width=auto| Leopold II
 * c. 1328
 * never married
 * 10 August 1344
 * width=auto| Rudolf IV the Founder
 * width=auto| Rudolf IV the Founder
 * Rudolf IV.jpg
 * 1 November 1339
 * Catherine of Bohemia
 * 27 July 1365
 * }
 * }

House of Habsburg
The Privilegium Maius, fabricated by Rudolf in 1359, attempted to invest the Dukes of Austria with the special position of an "Archduke". This title was frequently used by Ernest the Iron and other Dukes but not recognized by other princes of the Holy Roman Empire until Frederick V became Emperor and confirmed the Privilegium in 1453.

Rudolf was succeeded by his brothers that at first ruled jointly:

1365–1379 Vienna third son of Albert II the Wise and Joanna of Pfirt after 19 March 1366 Vienna no issue (2) Beatrice of Nuremberg 4 March 1375 Vienna one son Laxenburg aged 45 1365–1379 Vienna fourth son of Albert II the Wise and Joanna of Pfirt 23 February 1365 Vienna six children Sempach aged 34
 * width=auto| Albert III the Pigtail
 * Albrecht Dritte Habsburg1.jpg
 * 9 September 1349
 * (1) Elisabeth of Bohemia
 * 29 August 1395
 * width=auto| Leopold III the Just
 * width=auto| Leopold III the Just
 * Leopold III of Austria.jpg
 * 1 November 1351
 * Viridis Visconti
 * 9 July 1386
 * }
 * }

Divided rule
The territories were divided between the brothers and their descendants in the Treaty of Neuberg in 1379:

The Albertinian Line received the Duchy of Austria, later called Lower Austria (not to be confused with the namesake modern state):

1379–1395 Vienna third son of Albert the Wise and Joanna of Pfirt after 19 March 1366 Vienna no issue (2) Beatrice of Nuremberg 4 March 1375 Vienna one son Laxenburg aged 45 1395–1404 Vienna only son of Albert the Pigtail and Beatrice of Nuremberg 24 April 1390 Vienna two children Klosterneuburg aged 26 1404–1439 ''under joint guardianship of Leopold IV and Ernest (1404–1411) Vienna only son of Albert IV and Joanna Sophia of Bavaria 26 April 1422 Vienna three children Neszmély aged 42 1440–1457 ''under guardianship of Frederick V (1440–1452) Komarom only son of Albert V and Elizabeth of Luxembourg Prague aged 17
 * width=auto| Albert III the Pigtail
 * Albrecht Dritte Habsburg1.jpg
 * 9 September 1349
 * (1) Elisabeth of Bohemia
 * 29 August 1395
 * width=auto| Albert IV the Patient
 * width=auto| Albert IV the Patient
 * Albrecht IV.jpg
 * 19 September 1377
 * Joanna Sophia of Bavaria
 * 14 September 1404
 * width=auto| Albert V the Magnanimous
 * width=auto| Albert V the Magnanimous
 * Albrecht II. von Habsburg.jpg
 * 16 August 1397
 * Elizabeth of Luxembourg
 * 27 October 1439
 * align="center" colspan="5"| Vacant 1439–1440
 * width=auto| Ladislaus I the Posthumous
 * width=auto| Ladislaus I the Posthumous
 * width=auto| Ladislaus I the Posthumous
 * Ladislas the Posthumous 001.jpg
 * 22 February 1440
 * never married
 * 23 November 1457
 * }
 * }


 * After Ladislaus' death his territories passed to the Leopoldinian Line:

1457–1493 Innsbruck first son of Ernest and Cymburgis of Masovia 16 March 1452 Rome five children Linz aged 77 1457–1463 Vienna third son of Ernest and Cymburgis of Masovia 1452 Vienna no issue Vienna aged 45
 * width=auto| Frederick V the Peaceful
 * Hans Burgkmair d. Ä. 005.jpg
 * 21 September 1415
 * Eleanor of Portugal
 * 19 August 1493
 * width=auto| Albert VI the Prodigal
 * width=auto| Albert VI the Prodigal
 * Albrecht VI. (Miniatur in Gebetbuch).jpg
 * 12 September 1418
 * Mathilde of the Palatinate
 * 2 December 1463
 * }
 * }

The Leopoldinian Line received the Duchies of Styria, Carinthia and Carniola, the County of Tyrol and Further Austria:

1379–1386 Vienna fourth son of Albert the Wise and Joanna of Pfirt 23 February 1365 Vienna six children Sempach aged 34 1386–1406 Vienna eldest son of Leopold the Just and Viridis Visconti 13 November 1401 Vienna no issue Vienna aged 36 1386–1411 Vienna second son of Leopold the Just and Viridis Visconti 15 August 1393 Vienna no issue Vienna aged 40 1402–1406 Bruck an der Mur third son of Leopold the Just and Viridis Visconti 14 January 1392 Bruck an der Mur no issue (2) Cymburgis of Masovia 25 January 1412 Kraków nine children Bruck an der Mur aged 47 1402–1406 fourth son of Leopold the Just and Viridis Visconti 24 December 1407 Innsbruck one daughter (2) Anna of Brunswick 11 June 1411 Innsbruck four children Innsbruck aged 57
 * width=auto| Leopold III the Just
 * Leopold III of Austria.jpg
 * 1 November 1351
 * Viridis Visconti
 * 9 July 1386
 * width=auto| William the Courteous
 * width=auto| William the Courteous
 * Wilhelm Austria.jpg
 * c. 1370
 * Joan II of Naples
 * 15 July 1406
 * width=auto| Leopold IV the Fat
 * width=auto| Leopold IV the Fat
 * Leopold IV.jpg
 * c. 1371
 * Catherine of Burgundy
 * 3 June 1411
 * width=auto| Ernest the Iron
 * width=auto| Ernest the Iron
 * Ernest the Iron.jpg
 * c. 1377
 * (1) Margaret of Pomerania
 * 10 June 1424
 * width=auto| Frederick IV of the Empty Pockets
 * width=auto| Frederick IV of the Empty Pockets
 * Anonym Herzog Friedrich IV. von Tirol.jpg
 * c. 1382
 * (1) Elisabeth of the Palatinate
 * 24 June 1439
 * }
 * }


 * In 1406, the Leopoldinian line split their territories:
 * The Elder Leopoldinian line received the Duchies of Styria, Carinthia and Carniola, also called Inner Austria:

1402–1424 Bruck an der Mur third son of Leopold the Just and Viridis Visconti 14 January 1392 Bruck an der Mur no issue (2) Cymburgis of Masovia 25 January 1412 Kraków nine children Bruck an der Mur aged 47 1457–1493 Innsbruck first son of Ernest the Iron and Cymburgis of Masovia 16 March 1452 Rome five children Linz aged 77 1457–1463 Vienna third son of Ernest the Iron and Cymburgis of Masovia 1452 Vienna no issue Vienna aged 45
 * width=auto| Ernest the Iron
 * Ernest the Iron.jpg
 * c. 1377
 * (1) Margaret of Pomerania
 * 10 June 1424
 * width=auto| Frederick V the Peaceful
 * width=auto| Frederick V the Peaceful
 * Hans Burgkmair d. Ä. 005.jpg
 * 21 September 1415
 * Eleanor of Portugal
 * 19 August 1493
 * width=auto| Albert VI the Prodigal
 * width=auto| Albert VI the Prodigal
 * Albrecht VI. (Miniatur in Gebetbuch).jpg
 * 12 September 1418
 * Mathilde of the Palatinate
 * 2 December 1463
 * }
 * }

Both under the guardianship of

1406–1435 fourth son of Leopold the Just and Viridis Visconti 24 December 1407 Innsbruck one daughter (2) Anna of Brunswick 11 June 1411 Innsbruck four children Innsbruck aged 57
 * width=auto| Frederick IV of the Empty Pockets
 * Anonym Herzog Friedrich IV. von Tirol.jpg
 * c. 1382
 * (1) Elisabeth of the Palatinate
 * 24 June 1439
 * }
 * }


 * The Junior Tyrolean Line received Tyrol and soon also Further Austria. These territories were also called Upper Austria (not to be confused with the namesake modern state):

1406–1439 fourth son of Leopold the Just and Viridis Visconti 24 December 1407 Innsbruck one daughter (2) Anna of Brunswick 11 June 1411 Innsbruck four children Innsbruck aged 57 1439–1490 ''under guardianship of Frederick V (1439–1446) Innsbruck second son of Frederick IV and Anna of Brunswick 12 February 1449 Innsbruck one son (2) Katharina of Saxony 24 February 1484 Innsbruck no issue Innsbruck aged 68
 * width=auto| Frederick IV of the Empty Pockets
 * Anonym Herzog Friedrich IV. von Tirol.jpg
 * c. 1382
 * (1) Elisabeth of the Palatinate
 * 24 June 1439
 * width=auto| Sigismund the Rich
 * width=auto| Sigismund the Rich
 * SigismundAustria.jpg
 * 26 October 1427
 * (1) Eleanor of Scotland
 * 4 March 1496
 * }
 * }


 * In 1490 these territories were handed over to

1490–1493 Wiener Neustadt second son of Frederick V and Eleanor of Portugal 18 August 1477 Ghent three children (2) Anne of Brittany 18 December 1490 Rennes no issue (3) Bianca Maria Sforza 16 March 1494 Hall in Tirol no issue Wels aged 59
 * width=auto| Maximilian I the Last Knight
 * Bernhard Strigel 014.jpg
 * 22 March 1459
 * (1) Mary of Burgundy
 * 12 January 1519
 * }
 * }


 * Matthias Corvinus, King of Hungary, claimed the Austrian territories and occupied Austria proper and Styria. Claiming the title "Duke of Austria", he resided in Vienna from 1485 to his death in 1490.

1485–1490 Claimant Duke
 * width=auto| Matthias Corvinus

Kolozsvár second son of John Hunyadi and Elizabeth Szilágyi no issue (2) Catherine of Poděbrady 1 May 1461 Matthias Church, Budapest no issue (3) Beatrice of Naples 15 December 1476 Vienna no issue Vienna aged 47
 * Matthias Corvinus.jpg
 * 23 February 1443
 * (1) Elizabeth of Celje
 * 6 April 1490
 * }
 * }

Reunited rule
The Austrian territories were reunited in 1493.

1493–1519 Wiener Neustadt second son of Frederick V and Eleanor of Portugal 18 August 1477 Ghent three children (2) Anne of Brittany 18 December 1490 Rennes no issue (3) Bianca Maria Sforza 16 March 1494 Hall in Tirol no issue Wels aged 59 1519–1521 Ghent eldest son of Philip I of Castile and Joanna of Castile 10 March 1526 Seville seven children Yuste aged 58 1521–1564 Alcalá de Henares second son of Philip I of Castile and Joanna of Castile 25 May 1521 Linz fifteen children Vienna aged 61
 * width=auto| Maximilian I
 * Bernhard Strigel 014.jpg
 * 22 March 1459
 * (1) Mary of Burgundy
 * 12 January 1519
 * width=auto| Charles I
 * width=auto| Charles I
 * Jakob Seisenegger 001.jpg
 * 24 February 1500
 * Isabella of Portugal
 * 21 September 1558
 * width=auto| Ferdinand I
 * width=auto| Ferdinand I
 * Hans Bocksberger der Aeltere 001.jpg
 * 10 March 1503
 * Anne of Bohemia and Hungary
 * 25 July 1564
 * }
 * }

Divided again
In 1564 the Austrian territories were again divided among Emperor Ferdinand's sons:

Lower and Upper Austria (Austria proper) passed to Ferdinand's 1st son Maximilian:

1564–1576 Vienna eldest son of Ferdinand I and Anne of Bohemia and Hungary 13 September 1548 Valladolid sixteen children Regensburg aged 49 1576–1608 Vienna second son of Maximilian II and Maria of Spain Prague aged 59 1608–1619 Vienna fourth son of Maximilian II and Maria of Spain 4 December 1611 Vienna no issue Vienna aged 62 1619 Wiener Neustadt fifth son of Maximilian II and Maria of Spain 18 April 1599 Valencia no issue Brussels aged 61
 * width=auto| Maximilian II
 * Maxim2 zaiz.jpg
 * 31 July 1527
 * Maria of Spain
 * 12 October 1576
 * width=auto| Rudolf V
 * width=auto| Rudolf V
 * Hans von Aachen 003.jpg
 * 18 July 1552
 * never married
 * 20 January 1612
 * width=auto| Matthias
 * width=auto| Matthias
 * Lucas van Valckenborch 003.jpg
 * 24 February 1557
 * Anna of Tyrol
 * 20 March 1619
 * width=auto| Albert VII
 * width=auto| Albert VII
 * Rubens - arquiduquealbertoVII01.jpg
 * 13 November 1559
 * Infanta Isabella Clara Eugenia of Spain
 * 13 July 1621
 * }
 * Rudolf, Matthias and Albert had no issue. The territories therefore passed to the descendants of Emperor Ferdinand's 3rd son Charles after Albert's abdication on 9 October 1619.
 * Rudolf, Matthias and Albert had no issue. The territories therefore passed to the descendants of Emperor Ferdinand's 3rd son Charles after Albert's abdication on 9 October 1619.

Tyrol and Further Austria passed to Emperor Ferdinand's 2nd son Ferdinand:

1564–1595 Linz second son of Ferdinand I and Anne of Bohemia and Hungary ca. 1576 four children (2) Anne Juliana Gonzaga 14 May 1582 Innsbruck three daughters Innsbruck aged 65
 * width=auto| Ferdinand II
 * Francesco Terzio 002.jpg
 * 14 June 1529
 * (1) Philippine Welser
 * 24 January 1595
 * }
 * Ferdinand died without an agnatic heir and his territories passed to the descendants of his brother Maximilian:
 * Ferdinand died without an agnatic heir and his territories passed to the descendants of his brother Maximilian:

1595–1619 ''under regency of Maximilian III (1612–1618) Vienna fourth son of Maximilian II and Maria of Spain 4 December 1611 Vienna no issue Vienna aged 62 1612–1618 as Governor-Archduke Vienna sixth son of Maximilian II and Maria of Spain Vienna aged 60
 * width=auto| Matthias
 * Lucas van Valckenborch 003.jpg
 * 24 February 1557
 * Anna of Tyrol
 * 20 March 1619
 * width=auto| Maximilian III
 * width=auto| Maximilian III
 * Justus Sustermans 012.jpg
 * 12 October 1558
 * never married
 * 2 November 1618
 * }
 * Matthias died without issue and the territories passed to the descendants of Emperor Ferdinand's 3rd son Charles.
 * Matthias died without issue and the territories passed to the descendants of Emperor Ferdinand's 3rd son Charles.

Inner Austria ("Inner-Österreich")(Styria, Carinthia and Carniola) passed to Emperor Ferdinand's 3rd son Charles:

1564–1590 Vienna fourth son of Ferdinand I and Anne of Bohemia and Hungary 26 August 1571 Vienna fifteen children Graz aged 50 1590/1619–1637 ''under regency of Maximilian III (1593–1595) Graz second son of Charles II and Maria Anna of Bavaria 23 April 1600 Graz seven children (2) Eleonor Gonzaga 2 February 1622 Innsbruck no issue Vienna aged 58
 * width=auto| Charles II
 * Anonym Erzherzog Karl II.jpg
 * 3 June 1540
 * Maria Anna of Bavaria
 * 10 July 1590
 * width=auto| Ferdinand III
 * width=auto| Ferdinand III
 * Kaiser Ferdinand II. 1614.jpg
 * 9 July 1578
 * (1) Maria Anna of Bavaria
 * 15 February 1637
 * }
 * }

In German Articles and Books these Archdukes' names and titles are normally completed with the territorial names of their Duchy as: "Charles II of Inner Austria" = "Karl der II. von Inner Österreich"

Reunited and redivided, again
The Austrian territories were reunited again by inheritance in 1620 under Ferdinand III, Archduke of Inner Austria (see Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor), but in 1623 five years into the Thirty Years' War he had so much to do with, Ferdinand divided them yet again, when he made his younger brother Leopold, who had been governor over Upper Austria, Archduke of those territories.

Lower Austria and Inner Austria remained with the elder line (Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor):

1590/1619–1637 Graz second son of Charles II and Maria Anna of Bavaria 23 April 1600 Graz seven children (2) Eleonora Gonzaga 2 February 1622 Innsbruck no issue Vienna aged 58 1637–1657 Graz third son of Ferdinand III and Maria Anna of Bavaria 20 February 1631 Vienna six children (2) Maria Leopoldine of Austria 2 July 1648 Linz one son (3) Eleonora Gonzaga 30 April 1651 Wiener Neustadt four children Vienna aged 48 Upper Austria passed to the Younger Tyrolean Line:
 * width=auto| Ferdinand III
 * Kaiser Ferdinand II. 1614.jpg
 * 9 July 1578
 * (1) Maria Anna of Bavaria
 * 15 February 1637
 * width=auto| Ferdinand IV
 * width=auto| Ferdinand IV
 * Frans Luycx 002.jpg
 * 13 July 1608
 * (1) Maria Anna of Spain
 * 2 April 1657
 * }
 * }

1623–1632 Graz fifth son of Charles II and Maria Anna of Bavaria 19 April 1626 Innsbruck five children Schwaz aged 45 1632–1662 Innsbruck eldest son of Leopold V and Claudia de' Medici 10 June 1646 Innsbruck two daughters Kaltern aged 34 1662–1665 Innsbruck second son of Leopold V and Claudia de' Medici 3 June 1665 Sulzbach no issue Innsbruck aged 34
 * width=auto| Leopold V
 * Joseph Heintz d. Ä. 007.jpg
 * 9 October 1586
 * Claudia de' Medici
 * 13 September 1632
 * width=auto| Ferdinand Charles
 * width=auto| Ferdinand Charles
 * Frans Luycx - Ferdinand Charles, Archduke of Further Austria.jpg
 * 17 May 1628
 * Anna de' Medici
 * 30 December 1662
 * width=auto| Sigismund Francis
 * width=auto| Sigismund Francis
 * Giovanni Maria Morandi 002.jpg
 * 27 November 1630
 * Hedwig of the Palatinate-Sulzbach
 * 25 June 1665
 * }
 * After Sigismund Francis died without issue and his territories reverted to the elder line.
 * After Sigismund Francis died without issue and his territories reverted to the elder line.

The Austrian territories were conclusively reunited in 1665 under:

1657/1665–1705 Vienna fourth son of Ferdinand IV and Maria Anna of Spain 12 December 1666 Vienna four children (2) Claudia Felicitas of Austria 15 October 1673 Graz two daughters (3) Eleonor Magdalene of Neuburg 14 December 1676 Passau eleven children Vienna aged 64 1705–1711 Vienna eldest son of Leopold VI and Eleonor Magdalene of Neuburg 10 June 1646 Vienna three children Vienna aged 32 1711–1740 Vienna second son of Leopold VI and Eleonor Magdalene of Neuburg 1 August 1708 Santa Maria del Mar, Barcelona five children Vienna aged 55 1740–1780 ''with Francis I Stephen (1740–1765) Joseph II (1765–1780) Hofburg Imperial Palace eldest daughter of Charles III and Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel Vienna Sixteen Children Hofburg Imperial Palace aged 63 ''with Maria Theresa (1740–1765) Nancy fourth son of Leopold, Duke of Lorraine and Élisabeth Charlotte d'Orléans Innsbruck aged 56
 * width=auto| Leopold VI
 * Guido Cagnacci 005.jpg
 * 9 June 1640
 * (1) Margaret Theresa of Spain
 * 5 May 1705
 * width=auto| Joseph I
 * width=auto| Joseph I
 * Joseph I Holy Roman Emperor.png
 * 26 July 1678
 * Wilhelmina Amalia of Brunswick
 * 17 April 1711
 * width=auto| Charles III
 * width=auto| Charles III
 * Kneller - Emperor Charles VI when Archduke.jpg
 * 1 October 1685
 * Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
 * 20 October 1740
 * width=auto| Maria Theresa
 * width=auto| Maria Theresa
 * Martin van Meytens 001.jpg
 * 13 May 1717
 * rowspan="2"| 12 February 1736
 * 29 November 1780
 * width=auto| Francis I Stephen
 * width=auto| Francis I Stephen
 * Francis I HRE.jpg
 * 8 December 1708
 * 18 August 1765
 * }
 * }

House of Habsburg-Lorraine
The Austrian branch technically ended in 1780 with the death of Maria Theresa of Austria and was replaced by the Vaudemont branch of the House of Lorraine in the person of her son Joseph II. However, in practice, the new successor house styled itself as Habsburg-Lorraine (Habsburg-Lothringen). All Habsburgs living today are in the agnatic descendants of Maria Theresa and Francis Stephen.

1765–1790 ''with Maria Theresa (1765–1780) Vienna eldest son of Francis I Stephen and Maria Theresa 6 October 1760 Vienna two daughters (2) Maria Josepha of Bavaria 23 January 1765 Schönbrunn no issue Vienna aged 48 1790–1792 Vienna third son of Francis I and Maria Theresa 16 February 1764 Innsbruck sixteen children Vienna aged 44 1792–11 August 1804 Florence eldest son of Leopold VII and Maria Luisa of Spain 6 January 1788 Vienna one daughter (2) Maria Theresa of Naples and Sicily 15 September 1790 Vienna 12 children (3) Maria Ludovika of Austria-Este 6 January 1808 Vienna no issue (4) Caroline Augusta of Bavaria 29 October 1816 Vienna no issue Vienna aged 67
 * width=auto| Joseph II
 * Anton von Maron 006.png
 * 13 March 1741
 * (1) Isabella of Parma
 * 20 February 1790
 * width=auto| Leopold VII
 * width=auto| Leopold VII
 * Janos Donath 001.png
 * 5 May 1747
 * Maria Luisa of Spain
 * 1 March 1792
 * width=auto| Francis II
 * width=auto| Francis II
 * Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor at age 25, 1792.png
 * 12 February 1768
 * (1) Elisabeth of Württemberg
 * 2 March 1835
 * }
 * }

Emperors of Austria
In 1804 Francis I adopted the new title Emperor of Austria, but kept the title of Archduke of Austria. In 1806 the Holy Roman Empire was dissolved.

11 August 1804–1835 Florence eldest son of Leopold VII and Maria Luisa of Spain 6 January 1788 Vienna one daughter (2) Maria Theresa of Naples and Sicily 15 September 1790 Vienna 12 children (3) Maria Ludovika of Austria-Este 6 January 1808 Vienna no issue (4) Caroline Augusta of Bavaria 29 October 1816 Vienna no issue Vienna aged 67 1835–1848 Vienna eldest son of Francis II and Maria Theresa of Naples and Sicily 27 February 1831 Vienna no issue Prague aged 82 1848–1916 Schönbrunn Palace eldest son of Archduke Franz Karl of Austria and Princess Sophie of Bavaria 24 April 1854 Augustinerkirche four children Schönbrunn Palace aged 86 1916–12 November 1918 Persenbeug-Gottsdorf eldest son of Archduke Otto Francis of Austria and Princess Maria Josepha of Saxony 21 October 1911 Schwarzau Castle eight children Madeira aged 34
 * width=auto| Francis I
 * HGM Kupelwieser Porträt Kaiser Franz I.jpg
 * 12 February 1768
 * (1) Elisabeth of Württemberg
 * 2 March 1835
 * width=auto| Ferdinand I
 * width=auto| Ferdinand I
 * Ferdinand I; Keizer van Oostenrijk.jpg
 * 19 April 1793
 * Maria Anna of Savoy
 * 29 June 1875
 * width=auto| Francis Joseph I
 * width=auto| Francis Joseph I
 * Franz Joseph of Austria 1910 old.jpg
 * 18 August 1830
 * Elisabeth of Bavaria
 * 21 November 1916
 * width=auto| Charles I
 * width=auto| Charles I
 * Charles I of Austria.jpg
 * 17 August 1887
 * Zita of Bourbon-Parma
 * 1 April 1922
 * }
 * }

Republic of Austria
In 1918, following the breakup of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy, the Republic of Austria was established, but ended with "Anschluß" into the Third Reich from 1938–1945. Following World War II, the current Republic of Austria was established in 1945, even though Austria remained under the control and protection of Allied and Soviet Forces between 1945–1955.

The current head of state is the President of Austria; however, in practice, the Chancellor of Austria is more important. Every law still needs to be signed by the President however.

Otto von Habsburg (1912–2011), son of Charles I, was the head of the Habsburg house from 1922, but never reigned. In 2007 he handed the headship to his oldest son Karl von Habsburg, Archduke of Austria and Prince Royal of Hungary, who was currently first in the line of succession, but without any recognised title. He is the current head of the imperial family.