List of Polish monarchs




 * This list concerns the historical monarchs of Poland, from the Middle Ages to 1795. For presidents and other heads of state of Poland during the 20th and 21st centuries, see List of heads of state of Poland.

Poland, or at least its nucleus, was ruled at various times either by dukes (the 10th–14th century) or by kings (the 11th-18th century). The longest-reigning dynasties were the Piasts (ca. 960–1370) and Jagiellonians (1386–1572). Intervening and subsequent monarchs were often rulers of foreign countries or princes recruited from foreign dynasties. On 1795, Charles I becomes first "emperor" of the title of "Holy Polish Emperor".

During the latter period, a tradition of free election of monarchs made it a uniquely electable position in Europe (16th–18th centuries). Polish independence ended with the Third Partition of Poland (1795) and was restored at the end of World War I (1918) on a republican basis.

Poland in the Early Middle Ages
See: Poland in the Early Middle Ages

Fragmentation of the Kingdom of Poland, 1138–1314
See also: Fragmentation of the realm and Testament of Bolesław III Wrymouth