List of Polish monarchs

"Queen of Poland" redirects here. For queens consort of Poland, see List of Polish consorts

Monarchy of Poland
Grand Coat of Arms of Poland
Charles I
Details
Style	Royal Majesty (HRM)[3] Wasza Królewska Mość Serene Reigning Majesty Jaśnie Panujący Mości[4] Grace (HG) Wasza Miłość Highness (HH) Wasza Wysokość
First monarch	Mieszko I of Poland[1]
Last monarch	Charles I, Polish Emperor
Formation	ca. 960
Abolition	16 December 1919
Residence	Wawel Castle Warsaw Castle
Appointer	Hereditary Elective[2]
Pretender(s)	none Ruediger, Margrave of Meissen (disputed)

This list concerns the historical monarchs of Poland, from the Middle Ages to 1795. For presidents and other heads of state of Poland during the 20th and 21st centuries, see List of heads of state of Poland.

Poland was ruled at various times either by dukes (the 10th–14th century) or by kings (the 11th-18th century). During the latter period, a tradition of free election of monarchs made it a uniquely electable position in Europe (16th–18th centuries).

The birth of Poland as an independent nation coincides with the ascension of Duke Mieszko I^[5] and adoption of Christianity under the authority of Rome in the year 966. He was succeeded by his son, Bolesław I the Brave, who greatly expanded the boundaries of the Polish state and ruled as the first king in 1025. The following centuries gave rise to the mighty Piast dynasty, consisting of both kings such as Mieszko II Lambert, Przemysł II or Władysław I the Elbow-high and dukes like Bolesław III Wrymouth. The dynasty ceased to exist with the death of Casimir III the Great in 1370. In the same year, the Capetian House of Anjou became the ruling house with Louis I as king of both Poland and Hungary. His daughter, Jadwiga, later married Jogaila, the pagan Grand Duke of Lithuania, who in 1386 was baptized and crowned as Władysław II Jagiełło, thus creating the Jagiellonian dynasty and a personal union between Poland and Lithuania.

During the reign of Casimir IV Jagiellon and Sigismund I the Old culture flourished and cities developed. This era of progress, also known as the Polish Renaissance, continued until the Union of Lublin under Sigismund II Augustus, which unofficially marked the end of the Polish Golden Age. After the death of last Jagiellonian king, the united Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth became an elective monarchy with mostly foreigners elected as monarchs such as Henry III of France, who witnessed the introduction of Golden Liberty and Stephen Báthory, a great military commander who strengthened the nation. The meaningful rule of the Vasa dynasty initially expanded the Commonwealth, developing the arts and crafts, as well as trade and commerce. King Sigismund III Vasa, a talented but somewhat despotic ruler, involved the country in many wars, which subsequently resulted in the successful capture of Moscow and loss of Livonia to Sweden. His son, Władysław IV Vasa, fiercely defended the Commonwealth's borders and continued the policy of his father until death, unlike John II Casimir whose tragic rule forced his abdication.

The election of John III Sobieski to the Polish throne was a great success. His brilliant military tactics led to the victory at Vienna in 1683 and partial recapture of land from the Ottoman Empire. However, the years that followed weren't as successful; the long and ineffective rule of the Wettin dynasty (Augustus II the Strong and Augustus III) placed the Commonwealth under the influence of Saxony and the Russian Empire. Additional feud with rebelled nobility (szlachta) and most notably Stanislaus I Leszczyński and France diminished the influence of Poland-Lithuania in the region. This led to the partitions that occurred under King Stanislaus II Augustus, yet another enlightened, but ineffective monarch.

The Commonwealth is turned into an Kingdom when James Casimir I come to the throne in 1795 after Stanislaus II's abdication. During James Casimir's reign, his popularity faded when he sided with Napoleon which crippled the Kingdom, James I's son, John's death in 1805. When Stanislaus III Albert was elected to the throne in 1822, the Kingdom into known as newest established Holy Polish Empire and was one of the most popular monarch in Poland. His son, Augustus IV Joseph was plunged with uprisings which early them quickly less than twenty-four hours. And the Crimean War broke out in 1854, but he refused to gain support of the allies against Ottoman Empire. Augustus IV's brother James II Casimir elected in 1869, went to the Franco-Prussian War with Napoleon III, with almost in defeated, he returned to Poland and his death in 1872, due to the battle's flu. During the reign of James II's son, Charles II Frederick been described as authoritarian and he strongly stressed the importance of royal dignity and power. His reluctance to embrace democracy resulted succession crisis in 1883. After Charles II's death, his nephew Sigismund IV also known as Sigismund the Mad, was one of the polish tyrants and was given to killing thousands and thousands his own people, ended with his assassination in 1894. The last monarch was James Casimir III, who went into World War I (1914–18), but abdicated the throne due to respect. The Empire was abolished and the second republic was declared.

Poland in the Early Middle Ages

See: Poland in the Early Middle Ages

Legendary rulers

Name	Lifespan	Reign start	Reign end	Notes	Family	Image
Lech I	6th century	6th century	6th century	Legendary founder of the Polish nation	Lechites (Tribe)	80px
Krakus I Krak	8th century	8th century	8th century	Legendary founder of Kraków	Lechites (Tribe)	80px
Krakus II Krak II	8th century	8th century	8th century	Legendary son and successor of Krakus	Lechites (Tribe)	80px
Lech II	8th century	8th century	8th century	Legendary son of Krakus and successor of Krakus II	Lechites (Tribe)	80px
Wanda Wąda	8th century	8th century	8th century	Legendary daughter of Krakus	Lechites (Tribe)	80px

Semi-legendary rulers of the western Polans (Greater Poland)

Name	Lifespan	Reign start	Reign end	Notes	Family	Image
Leszko I Leszek I Duke	7th / 8th centuries	7th / 8th centuries	7th[6] / 8th centuries	A semi-legendary ruler of the West Slavic ("proto-Polish") tribe of Goplans and Polans	Goplans and Polans (Tribes)	80px
Leszko II Leszek II Duke	8th century	8th century	8th century	A semi-legendary ruler of the West Slavic ("proto-Polish") tribe of Goplans and Polans	Popielids	80px
Leszko III Leszek III Duke	8th century	8th century	8th century	A semi-legendary ruler of the West Slavic ("proto-Polish") tribe of Goplans and Polans	Popielids	80px
Popiel I Duke	8th century	8th century	8th century	A semi-legendary ruler of the West Slavic ("proto-Polish") tribe of Goplans and Polans	Popielids	80px
Popiel II Duke	9th century	9th century	9th century	A semi-legendary ruler of the West Slavic ("proto-Polish") tribe of Goplans and Polans	Popielids	80px

Piast Dynasty (Dukes of the Polans)

Name	Lifespan	Reign start	Reign end	Notes	Family	Image
Piast the Wheelwright Polish: Piast Kołodziej Template:Lang-lat Duke	9th century	9th century	9th century	A legendary ruler of the Polans Son of Chościsko, father of Siemowit Founder of the Piast dynasty	Piast	80px
Siemowit Ziemowit Duke	9th century	9th century	9th century	Son of Piast the Wheelwright and Rzepicha	Piast	80px
Lestek Leszek, Lestko Duke	9th / 10th centuries	9th / 10th centuries	9th / 10th centuries	Son of Siemowit	Piast	80px
Siemomysł Ziemomysł Duke	10th century	10th century	10th century	Son of Lestek	Piast	80px

Kingdom of Poland, 966–1569

Piast dukes and kings

See also: History of Poland during the Piast dynasty

Name	Lifespan	Reign start	Reign end	Notes	Family	Image
Mieszko I of Poland Duke	ca. 940 – 25 May 992	ca. 960	992	Son of Siemomysł First Christian Polish monarch Misico, dux Wandalorum	Piast
Bolesław I the Brave Bolesław I the Great Polish: Bolesław I Chrobry (Wielki) King	967 – 17 June 1025	Duke: 992 King: 18 April 1025	Duke: 18 April 1025 King: 17 June 1025	Son of Mieszko I and Dobrawa of Bohemia First to be crowned king Regnum Sclavorum, Gothorum sive Polonorum	Piast	80px
Mieszko II Lambert King	ca. 990 – 10/11 May 1034	1025	1031	Son of Bolesław I and Emnilda of Lusatia	Piast	80px
Bezprym Duke	ca. 986–1032	1031	1032	Son of Bolesław I and Judith of Hungary	Piast	80px
Otto Bolesławowic Duke	1000–1033	1032	1032	Son of Bolesław I and Emnilda	Piast	80px
Dytryk Theoderick Duke	after 992 – after 1032	1032	1032 /1033	Grandson of Mieszko I and Oda of Haldensleben	Piast	80px
Mieszko II Lambert Duke	ca. 990 – 10/11 May 1034	1032	1034	Restored	Piast	80px
Bolesław the Forgotten Polish: Bolesław Zapomniany Duke	before 1016 – 1038 or 1039	1034	1038 /1039	Semi-legendary, existence disputed	Piast	80px
Casimir I the Restorer Polish: Kazimierz I Odnowiciel Duke	25 June 1016(1016-06-25) – 28 November 1058 (aged 42)	1039	1058	Son of Mieszko II and Richeza of Lotharingia	Piast	80px
Bolesław II the Generous Polish: Bolesław II Szczodry King	ca. 1041 or 1042 – 2 or 3 April 1081 or 1082	Duke: 1058 King: 1076	Duke: 1076 King: 1079	Son of Kazimierz I and Maria Dobroniega of Kiev	Piast	80px
Władysław I Herman Duke	ca. 1044 – 4 June 1102	1079	1102	Son of Kazimierz I and Maria Dobroniega	Piast	80px
Zbigniew Zbygniew Duke	ca. 1073 – 8 July 1113	1102	1107	Son of Władysław I and Przecława of Prawdzic coat of arms (disputed) First jointly with Władysław I 1098-1102	Piast	80px
Bolesław III Wrymouth Polish: Bolesław III Krzywousty Duke	20 August 1086(1086-08-20) – 28 October 1138 (aged 52)	1107	1138	Son of Władysław I and Judith of Bohemia First jointly with Władysław 1098-1102 Introduced senioral principle	Piast	80px

Fragmentation of the Kingdom of Poland, 1138–1314

See also: Fragmentation of the realm and Testament of Bolesław III Wrymouth

Piast high dukes

Name	Lifespan	Reign start	Reign end	Notes	Family	Image
Władysław II the Exile Polish: Władysław II Wygnaniec High Duke Supreme Prince	1105 – 30 May 1159	1138	1146	Son of Bolesław III and Zbyslava of Kiev Also Duke of Silesia Exiled by his brothers	Piast	80px
Bolesław IV the Curly Polish: Bolesław Kędzierzawy High Duke Supreme Prince	ca. 1125 – 5 January 1173	1146	1173	Son of Bolesław III and Salomea of Berg Also Duke of Masovia	Piast	80px
Mieszko III the Old Polish: Mieszko III Stary High Duke Supreme Prince	ca. 1127 – 13 March 1202	1173	1177	Son of Bolesław III and Salomea Also Duke of Greater Poland	Piast	80px
Casimir II the Just Polish: Kazimierz II Sprawiedliwy High Duke Supreme Prince	ca. 1138 – 5 May 1194	1177	1190	Son of Bolesław III and Salomea Also Duke of Wiślica and Sandomierz	Piast	80px
Mieszko III the Old Polish: Mieszko III Stary High Duke Supreme Prince	ca. 1127 – 13 March 1202	1190	1190	Restored	Piast	80px
Casimir II the Just Polish: Kazimierz II Sprawiedliwy High Duke Supreme Prince	ca. 1138 – 5 May 1194	1190	1194	Restored	Piast	80px
Leszek I the White Polish: Leszek Biały High Duke Supreme Prince	ca. 1186 – 24 November 1227	1194	1198	Son of Casimir II and Helen of Znojmo Also Duke of Sandomierz	Piast	80px
Mieszko III the Old Polish: Mieszko III Stary High Duke Supreme Prince	ca. 1127 – 13 March 1202	1198	1199	Restored	Piast	80px
Leszek I the White Polish: Leszek Biały High Duke Supreme Prince	ca. 1186 – 24 November 1227	1199	1199	Restored	Piast	80px
Mieszko III the Old Polish: Mieszko III Stary High Duke Supreme Prince	ca. 1127 – 13 March 1202	1199	1202	Restored	Piast	80px
Władysław III Spindleshanks Polish: Władysław III Laskonogi High Duke Supreme Prince	ca. 1161/66 – 3 November 1231	1202	1202	Son of Mieszko III and Eudoxia of Kiev Also Duke of Greater Poland	Piast	80px
Leszek I the White Polish: Leszek Biały High Duke Supreme Prince	ca. 1186 – 24 November 1227	1202	1210	Restored	Piast	80px
Mieszko IV Tanglefoot Polish: Mieszko I Plątonogi High Duke Supreme Prince	ca. 1130 – 16 May 1211	1210	1211	Son of Władysław II and Agnes of Babenberg Also Duke of Silesia	Piast	80px
Leszek I the White Polish: Leszek Biały High Duke Supreme Prince	ca. 1186 – 24 November 1227	1211	1225	Restored	Piast	80px
Henryk I the Bearded Polish: Henryk I Brodaty High Duke Supreme Prince	ca. 1165 – 19 March 1238	1225	1225	Grandson of Władysław II, son of Bolesław I the Tall and Krystyna Also Duke of Silesia	Piast	80px
Leszek I the White Polish: Leszek Biały High Duke Supreme Prince	ca. 1186 – 24 November 1227	1225	1227	Restored Assassinated	Piast	80px
Władysław III Spindleshanks Polish: Władysław III Laskonogi High Duke Supreme Prince	ca. 1161/66 – 3 November 1231	1227	1229	Restored	Piast	80px
Konrad I of Masovia Polish: Konrad I Mazowiecki High Duke Supreme Prince	ca. 1187/88 – 31 August 1247	1229	1232	Son of Kazimierz II and Helen of Znojmo Also Duke of Masovia	Piast	80px
Henryk I the Bearded Polish: Henryk I Brodaty High Duke Supreme Prince	ca. 1165 – 19 March 1238	1232	1238	Restored	Piast	80px
Henryk II the Pious Polish: Henryk II Pobożny High Duke Supreme Prince	ca. 1196 – 9 April 1241	1238	1241	Son of Henry I and Saint Hedwig of Andechs (Saint Hedwig of Silesia) Slso Duke of Wroclaw and Greater Poland Fell at Battle of Legnica	Piast	80px
Bolesław II Rogatka Bolesław II the Horned High Duke Supreme Prince	ca. 1220–1225	1241	1241	Son of Henry II and Anne of Bohemia Also Duke of Silesia	Piast
Konrad I of Masovia Polish: Konrad I Mazowiecki High Duke Supreme Prince	ca. 1187/88 – 31 August 1247	1241	1243	Restored	Piast	80px
Bolesław V the Chaste Polish: Bolesław Wstydliwy High Duke Supreme Prince	21 June 1226 – 7 December 1279	1243	1256	Son of Leszek the White and Grzymislawa of Luck Abdicated the throne	Piast	80px
Henryk IV Probus Polish: Henryk IV Prawy the Righteous, the Honorable King High Duke Supreme Prince	13 February 1231(1231-02-13) – 23 June 1290 (aged 59)	20 February 1257	6 April 1266	Paternal grandson of Henryk II Maternal grandson of Konrad I Son of Henry III the White and Judyta of Masovia Duke of Lower Silesia On April 1266, 35 years old when he was crowned first King of Poland from Piast royal house.	Piast

Kingdom of Poland, 1266–1314

Piast king

Name	Lifespan	Reign start	Reign end	Notes	Family	Image
Henryk IV Probus Polish: Henryk IV Prawy the Righteous, the Honorable King King Supreme Prince	13 February 1231(1231-02-13) – 23 June 1290 (aged 59)	6 April 1266	23 June 1290	Paternal grandson of Henryk II Maternal grandson of Konrad I Son of Henry III the White and Judyta of Masovia Duke of Lower Silesia	Piast

Reunification attempts in the Kingdom of Poland 1232–1305

See also: Reunification attempts by Przemysł II and Wenceslaus II

Piast kings

Name	Lifespan	Reign start	Reign end	Notes	Family	Image
Przemysł II Premyslas, Premislaus King	14 October 1257(1257-10-14) – 8 February 1296 (aged 38)	High Duke: 1290 King: 1295	High Duke: 1291 King: 1296	Grandson of Henryk II Son of Przemysł I and Elisabeth of Wrocław Also Duke of Poznań, Greater Poland and Pomerania	Piast	80px

Přemyslid kings

Name	Lifespan	Reign start	Reign end	Notes	Family	Image
Wenceslaus II of Bohemia Polish: Wacław II Czeski King	27 September 1271(1271-09-27) – 21 June 1305 (aged 33)	High Duke: 1291 King: 1300	High Duke: 1300 King: 1305	Son of Ottokar II of Bohemia and Kunigunda of Slavonia Married Przemysł II's daughter Elisabeth Richeza of Poland Also King of Bohemia	Přemyslid	80px
Wenceslaus III of Bohemia Polish: Wacław III Czeski King[7]	6 October 1289(1289-10-06) – 4 August 1306 (aged 16)	1305	1306	Son of Wenceslaus II and Judith of Habsburg Uncrowned Assassinated	Přemyslid	80px

Reunited Kingdom of Poland, 1314–1569

See also: Reunited Kingdom of Poland

Piast kings

Name	Lifespan	Reign start	Reign end	Notes	Family	Image
Władysław I the Elbow-high Polish: Władysław I Łokietek King	1261 – 2 March 1333	1320	1333	Restored Re-united the Kingdom of Poland	Piast	80px
Casimir III the Great Polish: Kazimierz III Wielki King	30 April 1310(1310-04-30) – 5 November 1370 (aged 60)	1333	1370	Son of Władysław I the Elbow-high and Jadwiga of Kalisz Regarded as one of the greatest Polish monarchs	Piast	80px

Anjou kings

See also: Louis I and Jadwiga of the Anjou dynasty (1370–1399)

Name	Lifespan	Reign start	Reign end	Notes	Family	Image
Louis I of Hungary Polish: Ludwik Węgierski King	5 March 1326(1326-03-05) – 10 September 1382 (aged 56)	1370	1382	Son of Charles I of Hungary and Elizabeth of Poland Nephew of Casimir III Elected king and crowned on 17 November Also King of Hungary	Anjou	80px
Jadwiga of Poland Polish: Jadwiga Andegaweńska King[8]	1373/4 – 17 July 1399	16 October 1384	17 July 1399	Daughter of Louis I and Elizabeth of Bosnia Crowned "king", 1384 Reigned jointly with her husband Władysław II Jagiełło from 1386	Anjou	80px

Jagiellonian kings

See also: History of Poland during the Jagiellonian dynasty

Name	Lifespan	Reign start	Reign end	Notes	Family	Image
Władysław II Jagiełło King	ca. 1351/1362 – 1 June 1434(1434-06-01)	4 March 1386	1 June 1434	Son of Algirdas of Lithuania and Uliana of Tver Grand Duke of Lithuania, 1377-1434 Reigned jointly with his wife Jadwiga till 1399 The longest-reigning King of Poland	Jagiellonian	80px
Władysław III of Poland Władysław III of Varna, Władysław Warneńczyk King	31 October 1424(1424-10-31) - 10 November 1444 (aged 20)	25 July 1434	10 November 1444	Son of Władysław II Jagiełło and Sophia of Halshany Also king of Hungary, as Ulászló I Fell at Battle of Varna, in Bulgaria, hence called "of Varna"	Jagiellonian
Casimir IV Jagiellon Kazimierz IV Jagiellończyk King	30 November 1427(1427-11-30) - 7 June 1492 (aged 64)	25 June 1447	7 June 1492	Son of Władysław II and Sophia of Halshany Also Grand Duke of Lithuania, 1440–92 His successful reign ended in the final destruction of the Teutonic Knights	Jagiellonian	80px
John I Albert Jan I Olbracht King	27 December 1459(1459-12-27) - 17 June 1501 (aged 41)	23 September 1492	16 June 1501	Son of Casimir IV and Elisabeth of Austria	Jagiellonian	80px
Alexander I Jagiellon Aleksander I Jagiellończyk King	5 August 1461(1461-08-05) - 19 August 1506 (aged 45)	12 December 1501	19 August 1506	Son of Casimir IV and Elisabeth of Austria Also Grand Duke of Lithuania 1492-1506	Jagiellonian	80px
Sigismund I the Old Zygmunt I Stary King	1 January 1467(1467-01-01) – 1 April 1548 (aged 81)	8 December 1506	1 April 1548	Son of Casimir IV and Elisabeth of Austria Also Grand Duke of Lithuania Forced Prussian Homage in 1525 Annexed Duchy of Masovia in 1526 Entered alliance with Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor	Jagiellonian	80px
Sigismund II Augustus Zygmunt II August King	1 August 1520(1520-08-01) – 7 July 1572 (aged 51)	1 April 1548	7 July 1572	Son of Sigismund I and Bona Sforza Also Grand Duke of Lithuania Replaced the personal union of the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania with a real union and an elective monarchy (Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth) in 1569	Jagiellonian

Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, 1569–1795

See also: Rzeczpospolita, History of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1569–1648), History of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1648–1764), and History of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1764–95)

Name	Lifespan	Reign start	Reign end	Notes	Family	Image
Henry de Valois Henryk Walezy King	19 September 1551(1551-09-19) – 2 August 1589 (aged 37)	21 February 1574	12 May 1575	Son of Henry II of France and Catherine de' Medici Abandoned the Polish throne three months after his coronation in order to become King of France	Valois	80px
Anna Anna Jagiellonka King[9]	18 October 1523(1523-10-18) – 9 September 1596 (aged 72)	15 December 1575	12 December 1586	Daughter of Sigismund I and Bona Sforza Reigned together with her husband Stephen Báthory	Jagiellonian	80px
Stephen Báthory Stefan Batory King	27 September 1533(1533-09-27) – 12 December 1586 (aged 53)	15 December 1575	12 December 1586	Son of Stephen VIII Báthory and Catherine Telegdi Prince of Transylvania Reigned together with his wife Anna	Báthory	80px
Sigismund III Zygmunt III Waza King	20 June 1566 – 30 April 1632 (aged 65)	18 September 1587	19 April 1632	Grandson of Sigismund I Son of John III of Sweden and Catherine Jagiellon Also King of Sweden 1592-1599, titular King 1599–1632 During his reign Polish troops captured Moscow Moved capital from Kraków to Warsaw	Vasa	80px
Władysław IV Władysław IV Waza King	9 June 1595 – 20 May 1648 (aged 52)	8 November 1632	20 May 1648	Son of Sigismund III and Anne of Austria Titular Tsar of Russia 1610–1634, titular King of Sweden 1632–1648	Vasa
John II Casimir Jan II Kazimierz King	22 March 1609(1609-03-22) – 16 December 1672 (aged 63)	20 November 1648	16 September 1668	Son of Sigismund III and Constance of Austria Titular King of Sweden 1648-1660 Abdicated	Vasa
Michael I Michał Korybut Wiśniowiecki King	May 31, 1640(1640-05-31) – November 10, 1673 (aged 33)	19 June 1669	10 November 1673	Son of a successful but controversial military commander, Jeremi Wiśniowiecki, and Gryzelda Konstancja Zamoyska	Wiśniowiecki
John III Jan III Sobieski King	17 August 1629(1629-08-17) – 17 June 1696 (aged 66)	21 May 1674	17 June 1696	Son of Jakub Sobieski and Zofia Teofillia Daniłowicz Most famous for his brilliant victory over the Turks at the Battle of Vienna in 1683	Sobieski	80px
Augustus II the Strong August II Mocny King	12 May 1670(1670-05-12) – 1 February 1733 (aged 62)	15 September 1697	16 February 1704 (deposed) 24 September 1706 (abdicates)	Son of John George III and Anna Sophie of Denmark Elector of Saxony as Frederick Augustus I, 1694–1733	Wettin	80px
Stanislaus I Stanisław I Leszczyński King	20 October 1677(1677-10-20) – 23 February 1766 (aged 88)	4 October 1705	8 August 1709	Son of Rafał Leszczyński and Anna Jabłonowska Yielded to Augustus II	Leszczyński
Augustus II the Strong August II Mocny King	12 May 1670(1670-05-12) – 1 February 1733 (aged 62)	8 August 1709	1 February 1733	Restored	Wettin	80px
Stanislaus I Stanisław I Leszczyński King	20 October 1677(1677-10-20) – 23 February 1766 (aged 88)	12 September 1733	30 June 1734 (deposed) 27 January 1736 (abdicates)	Restored Defeated in War of the Polish Succession Became Duke of Lorraine until his death	Leszczyński
Augustus III August III Sas King	17 October 1696 – 5 October 1763 (aged 66)	17 January 1734 (in opposition) 30 June 1734 (effectively)	5 October 1763	Son of Augustus II and Christiane Eberhardine of Brandenburg-Bayreuth	Wettin	80px
Stanislaus II August Stanisław August Poniatowski King	17 January 1732(1732-01-17) – 12 February 1798 (aged 66)	25 November 1764	7 January 1795	Son of Stanisław Poniatowski and Konstancja Czartoryska Forced to abdicate when the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (the Polish Republic since May 3, 1791) ceased to exist	Poniatowski

Kingdom of Poland-Lithuania, 1795–1820

See also: Casimirian era

Radziłów king

Name	Lifespan	Reign start	Reign end	Notes	Family	Image
James Casimir I Jakub Kazimierz I King	14 May 1753(1753-05-14) – 9 December 1822 (aged 69)	18 April 1795	9 December 1821	Son of Maximilian I, Duke of Radziłów and Maria Elizabeth of Lodz Reigned together with his wife Konstancja Grabowska Known as the Conqueror	Radziłów
Konstancja Konstancja Grabowska Queen	2 July 1756(1756-07-02) – 26 June 1840 (aged 83)	6 May 1805	9 December 1820	Son of Stanislaus II Poniatowski and Elżbieta Szydłowska Reigned together with her husband James Casimir	Radziłów	80px

Polish–Lithuanian Empire, 1817–1919

See also: Polish–Lithuanian Empire

Portrait	Name (Lifespan)	Emperor from	Emperor until	Notes	Title
	Stanislaus German-Dragoon Emperor (16 December 1790(1790-12-16) – 13 October 1865 (aged 74))	5 August 1817	13 October 1865	Son of Duke Francis of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld and Countess Augusta Reuss of Ebersdorf. Also King of the Belgians 1831-1850. Popular monarchs in Poland-Lithuania.	Emperor of the Polish Empire
	Augustus Leopold The Polish Hammer of Belgium (21 March 1837(1837-03-21) – 2 September 1896 (aged 59))	13 October 1865	2 September 1896	Son of King Stanislaus III and Princess Charlotte of Wales. Also King of the Belgians 1850–1857.	Emperor of the Polish Empire
	James II (20 September 1816(1816-09-20) – 11 January 1907 (aged 90))	2 September 1896	11 January 1907

Name	Lifespan	Reign start	Reign end	Notes	Family	Image
James Casimir II Jakub Kazimierz II Emperor	11 July 1835(1835-07-11) – 5 July 1894 (aged 58)	10 January 1879	5 July 1894	Son of Stanislaus III and Charlotte of Wales Elected in 1878	Saxe-Coburg
Sigismund IV Zygmunt IV Emperor	5 July 1854(1854-07-05) – 14 May 1899 (aged 45)	17 December 1894	14 May 1899	Son James Casimir II and Marie of Hohenzollern Titular King of Livonia 1872–1899	Habsburg-Lorraine
Charles I Frederick Karol I Fryderyk Emperor	1 March 1825(1825-03-01) – 15 August 1901 (aged 76)	14 May 1899	15 August 1901	First monarch of the Łódź royal house Oldest monarch of Poland at age 74.	Łódź
James Casimir III Jakub Kazimierz III Emperor	5 July 1865(1865-07-05) – 24 May 1944 (aged 79)	3 February 1902	16 December 1919	Last king of Poland-Lithuania Went to exile in Belgium until his death.	Łódź

Polish Empire, 1926–1989

See also: Polish Empire (1926–1939)

Name	Lifespan	Reign start	Reign end	Notes	Family	Image
Charles I Karol I Emperor	19 July 1884(1884-07-19) – 6 March 1954 (aged 69)	6 June 1926	23 September 1939	Son of Duke Francis of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld and Countess Augusta Reuss of Ebersdorf Abdicated the throne during the Invasion of Poland by Nazi Germany; the Empire collapsed	Saxe-Coburg and Gotha

Duchy of Warsaw, 1807–1815

Witten duke

Name	Lifespan	Reign start	Reign end	Notes	Family	Image
Frederick Augustus I Fryderyk August I Duke	23 December 1750(1750-12-23) – 5 May 1827 (aged 76)	9 June 1807	22 May 1814	Son of Frederick Christian, Elector of Saxony and Duchess Maria Antonia of Bavaria Duke of Warsaw	Wettin

Pretenders to the Polish throne

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Not recognized Royal elections

See also: Royal elections in Poland

• Maxmilian II Habsburg (1575–1576), See: Free election, 1576
• Maxmilian III Habsburg (1587–1589), See: Free election, 1587
• François Louis de Bourbon (1697), See: Free election, 1697
• William Henry (1821–1822), See: Free election, 1822

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Kings and dukes of Poland

See also

• Kings of Poland family tree
• Royal coronations in Poland
• Princely Houses of Poland
• Dukes of Greater Poland
• Dukes of Masovia
• Dukes of Pomerania
• Dukes of Sieradz-Łęczyca
• Dukes of Silesia
• List of rulers of Partitioned Poland
• List of Galician rulers
• List of heads of state of Poland
• List of Prime Ministers of Poland
• List of Poles
• List of Polish consorts

External links

• Górczyk, Wojciech, "Półksiężyc, orzeł, lew i smok. Uwagi o godłach napieczętnych Piastów" Histmag.org June 14, 2009

Bibliography

• Duczmal M., Jagiellonowie. Leksykon biograficzny, Kraków 1996.
• Dybkowska A., Żaryn J., Żaryn M., Polskie dzieje. Od czasów najdawniejszych po współczesność, wyd. 2, Warszawa 1995. ISBN 83-01-11870-9
• Gierowski J.A., Rzeczpospolita w dobie złotej wolności (1648–1763), Kraków 2001. ISBN 83-85719-56-3
• Grodziski S., Polska w czasach przełomu (1764–1815), Kraków 2001. ISBN 83-85719-45-8
• Grodziski S., Porównawcza historia ustrojów państwowych, Kraków 1998. ISBN 83-7052-840-6
• Grzybowski S., Dzieje Polski i Litwy (1506–1648), Kraków 2000. ISBN 83-85719-48-2
• Morby J.E., Dynastie świata. Przewodnik chronologiczny i genealogiczny, Kraków 1995, s. 261-263. ISBN 83-7006-263-6
• Wyrozumski J., Dzieje Polski piastowskiej (VIII w.-1370), Kraków 1999. ISBN 83-85719-38-5
• Zientara B., Henryk Brodaty i jego czasy, wyd. 2, Warszawa 1997.

References

Template:Monarchs of Poland Template:Poland topics

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